Fig. 1. Various modes of action of amyloid modulatory molecules.

a. A typical amyloid pathway. During the rate-limiting, lag phase, unfolded monomeric proteins assemble into conformationally dynamic oligomers. These oligomers can serve as seeds or templates that guide mature amyloid formation.

b. Inhibition at the monomer stage, the protein does not proceed to the oligomer intermediate.

c. A molecule capable of disassembling preformed amyloid fibers.

d. Stimulation of amyloid formation.