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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Stud Read. 2012 Aug 22;17(3):199–223. doi: 10.1080/10888438.2011.652722

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Group comparisons on measures of single word and contextual fluency. Note. Within-sample z scores demonstrate the different patterns between isolated and contextual fluency measures for different reader profiles. (For the TOWRE and GORT analysis, standardized scores, not within-sample z scores were used; however, as expected, results were the same when the analysis used within-sample z scores.) TOWRE = Test of Word Reading Efficiency, Standard Scores; GORT = Gray Oral Reading Test Fourth Edition; AVG = average readers; WRD = poor decoders; S-RCD = poor comprehenders.