TABLE 1.
BMP and phospholipids, GC and sphingolipids, in the Gaucher THP-1 macrophage model with linoleic acid
| Cellsb | DRMc | DSMc | ||||||||||
| Analytea | Control | Control + LAd | Gaucher | Gaucher + LAd | Control | Control + LAd | Gaucher | Gaucher + LAd | Control | Control + LAd | Gaucher | Gaucher + LAd |
| BMP | 2.6 (0.23) | 0.33* (0.02) | 4.2 (0.20) | 0.49* (0.04) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0* (0) | 0.12 (0.02) | 0.01* (0) | 5.7 (1.1) | 0.66* (0.18) | 7.3 (0.13) | 0.82* (0.33) |
| BMP 18:1/18:2 | 0.01 (0) | 0.05** (0) | 0.02 (0) | 0.10** (0.01) | 0 (0) | 0** (0) | 0 (0) | 0** (0) | 0.01 (0) | 0.08** (0.01) | 0.02 (0) | 0.15** (0.02) |
| PC 32:0 | 3.9 (0.25) | 6.1** (0.46) | 3.5 (0.21) | 5.0** (0.36) | 2.0 (0.16) | 1.1 (0.57) | 1.9 (0.50) | 0.87* (0.26) | 2.4 (0.79) | 5.5** (0.68) | 2.1 (0.18) | 5.1** (0.51) |
| PC 32:1, 34:1 | 29 (0.84) | 5.2* (0.29) | 26 (1.9) | 4.3* (0.39) | 1.7 (0.19) | 0.17* (0.07) | 1.8 (0.34) | 0.16* (0.04) | 30 (4.9) | 4.9* (0.85) | 27 (1.6) | 4.6* (1.1) |
| PC 34:2, 36:2 | 10 (0.02) | 35** (0.82) | 9.3 (0.60) | 31** (2.0) | 0.33 (0.04) | 0.69** (0.23) | 0.38 (0.06) | 0.64** (0.10) | 16 (2.3) | 35** (4.7) | 15 (0.76) | 34** (1.9) |
| PE | 8.6 (0.79) | 2.3* (0.24) | 7.7 (0.76) | 2.1* (0.26) | 0.55 (0.07) | 0.08* (0.02) | 0.53 (0.03) | 0.07* (0.02) | 10 (1.4) | 2.2* (0.26) | 8.8 (0.61) | 2.0* (0.34) |
| PE 18:0/18:2, 18:1/18:2 | 0.32 (0.03) | 4.3** (0.41) | 0.33 (0.04) | 3.9** (0.44) | 0.02 (0) | 0.14** (0.03) | 0.02 (0) | 0.12** (0.03) | 0.50 (0.07) | 4.5** (0.88) | 0.46 (0.03) | 4.2** (0.13) |
| PG | 1.3 (0.04) | 0.28* (0.02) | 1.2 (0.05) | 0.21* (0.02) | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.01* (0) | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.01* (0) | 1.3 (0.24) | 0.25* (0.03) | 1.2 (0.04) | 0.24* (0.05) |
| PG 36:2, 36:3, 40:8 | 0.09 (0.01) | 0.36** (0.01) | 0.10 (0.01) | 0.31** (0.02) | 0 (0) | 0.01** (0) | 0 (0) | 0.01** (0) | 0.16 (0.04) | 0.38** (0.05) | 0.15 (0) | 0.37** (0.03) |
| PG 34:2 | 0.05 (0) | 0.06** (0) | 0.05 (0) | 0.06 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.08 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.07 (0) | 0.07 (0.01) |
| PI | 5.3 (0.23) | 3.9* (0.10) | 4.6 (0.47) | 3.5* (0.51) | 0.18 (0.01) | 0.05* (0.02) | 0.17 (0.04) | 0.05* (0.01) | 7.5 (1.1) | 3.2* (0.72) | 6.2 (0.29) | 3.0* (0.80) |
| PS | 5.9 (0.70) | 1.1* (0.04) | 5.7 (0.74) | 0.96* (0.16) | 0.44 (0.22) | 0.08* (0.01) | 0.52 (0.14) | 0.05* (0.02) | 6.5 (0.92) | 0.97* (0.21) | 6.2 (0.23) | 0.98* (0.27) |
| PS 16:0/16:0, 18:0/18:2 | 0.51 (0.04) | 5.7** (0.18) | 0.53 (0.07) | 5.5** (0.78) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.24** (0.05) | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.22** (0.03) | 0.80 (0.11) | 6.3** (1.2) | 0.82 (0.05) | 6.3** (0.67) |
| GC | 3.2 (0.11) | 1.0* (0.11) | 26 (1.6) | 11* (0.92) | 1.3 (0.40) | 0.22* (0.13) | 9.7 (0.79) | 4.3* (0.64) | 0.84 (0.39) | 0.44 (0.10) | 3.5 (0.64) | 2.8 (0.41) |
| GC 18:1/16:0 | 0.95 (0.04) | 1.3** (0.05) | 9.0 (0.59) | 11** (0.68) | 0.46 (0.18) | 0.27 (0.17) | 3.4 (0.60) | 3.9 (0.49) | 0.24 (0.12) | 0.43 (0.14) | 1.4 (0.28) | 2.9** (0.09) |
| Cer | 1.0 (0.03) | 0.36* (0.01) | 0.84 (0.11) | 0.31* (0.03) | 0.40 (0.06) | 0.10* (0.03) | 0.40 (0.10) | 0.12* (0.01) | 1.1 (0.17) | 0.33* (0.08) | 0.82 (0.03) | 0.31* (0.10) |
| Cer 18:1/16:0 | 0.53 (0.03) | 0.74** (0.04) | 0.46 (0.09) | 0.61 (0.06) | 0.29 (0.15) | 0.20 (0.10) | 0.26 (0.14) | 0.22 (0.04) | 1.4 (0.39) | 1.1 (0.23) | 1.0 (0.12) | 0.97 (0.22) |
| DHC | 0.37 (0.02) | 0.18* (0) | 0.63 (0.04) | 0.28* (0.03) | 0.17 (0.04) | 0.04* (0.02) | 0.33 (0.07) | 0.09* (0.02) | 0.13 (0.05) | 0.07 (0.02) | 0.14 (0.03) | 0.12 (0) |
| DHC 18:1/16:0 | 0.13 (0.01) | 0.24** (0) | 0.18 (0.01) | 0.31** (0.03) | 0.05 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.08 (0.03) | 0.08 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.02) | 0.08 (0.02) | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.14** (0.01) |
| THC | 0.70 (0.02) | 0.29* (0.02) | 0.94 (0.04) | 0.42* (0.02) | 0.25 (0.05) | 0.07* (0.04) | 0.47 (0.13) | 0.15* (0.05) | 0.22 (0.09) | 0.15 (0.03) | 0.25 (0.06) | 0.22 (0.01) |
| THC 18:1/16:0 | 0.23 (0.01) | 0.36** (0.02) | 0.27 (0.02) | 0.40** (0.01) | 0.07 (0.02) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.11 (0.04) | 0.10 (0.03) | 0.08 (0.03) | 0.14 (0.03) | 0.09 (0.02) | 0.20** (0.02) |
Significantly reduced with linoleic acid compared with the untreated THP-1 macrophage model, P < 0.05 (Student t-test). **Significantly elevated with linoleic acid compared with the untreated THP-1 macrophage model, P < 0.05 (Student t-test). LA, linoleic acid.
Total lipids were determined by summing the individual lipid species which correlated (Pearson's >0.8). The lipid species which did not correlate are listed separately.
Results reported as nanomoles of lipid per milligram of total cell protein and expressed as the mean and standard deviation (n = 3).
Results reported as nanomoles of lipid in the DRM (fractions 3 and 4) or DSM (fractions 7 to 12) and expressed as the mean and standard deviation (n = 3).
Linoleic acid (100 μM) was included in the culture media for 10 days during the induction of the Gaucher THP-1 macrophage model.