Table 1.
Variable | Value |
---|---|
Age, mean ± SD | 39.68 ± 11.84 |
Female sex | 62% |
Race | |
Caucasian/White | 94% |
African American/Black | 5% |
Asian/Pacific Islander | 0% |
Other | 1% |
Hispanic ethnicity | 1% |
Education >1 year of college | 85% |
Income < $29,999 | 39% |
Marital status | |
Married | 34% |
Never married | 37% |
Separated/Divorced | 28% |
Widowed | 2% |
Diagnosis | |
Bipolar I | 61% |
Bipolar II | 39% |
>10 Previous depressive episodes | 65% |
>10 Previous manic episodes | 67% |
Age at illness onset, mean ± SD | 21.89 ± 10.09 |
Baseline depression symptoms, mean ± SD | 6.23 ± 2.43 |
Baseline mania symptoms, mean ± SD | 1.16 ± 1.17 |
Baseline GAF score, mean ± SD | 55.91 ± 8.59 |
Medications | |
Lithium | 34% |
Atypical antipsychotic | 26% |
Anticonvulsant | 56% |
Benzodiazepine | 25% |
Antidepressants | 46% |
Stimulants | 1% |
Valproate | 36% |
Other mood stabilizers | 28% |
Medication Load Index74 | 3.64 (1.94) |
Comorbid diagnoses | |
Anxiety disorder (current) | 49% |
Substance abuse/dependence (current) | 13% |
ADHD (current) | 14% |
Any lifetime comorbid disorder | 83% |
Note. Data are presented as number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated. Percentages are not always based on 106 patients owing to missing data (see Miklowitz et al., 200725).