Table 1. Sample Characteristics by Parental Support for Rating Modificationsa.
| % |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor | Sample (N=2401), No. (%) |
Ratings Should Also Be Based on Cigarette Smoking (n=1242) |
Ratings Should Also Be Based on Alcohol Use (n=1579) |
R Rating for Cigarette Smoking (n=693) |
R Rating for Alcohol Use (n=1003) |
| Parent characteristic assessed at baseline | |||||
| Age, y | |||||
| 20-29 | 109 (4.5) | 4.0b | 4.7b | 4.5 | 4.2 |
| 30-39 | 1149 (48.0) | 46.3 | 45.3 | 47.2 | 48.2 |
| 40-49 | 1032 (43.1) | 44.3 | 45.1 | 43.0 | 43.0 |
| ≥50 | 106 (4.4) | 5.2 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 4.7 |
| Education | |||||
| High school or less | 754 (31.6) | 30.5b | 30.1 | 36.9c | 35.1c |
| Some college or associate’s degree | 930 (39.0) | 37.4 | 38.7 | 38.7 | 39.5 |
| Bachelor’s or graduate degree | 703 (29.5) | 31.8 | 30.3 | 24.0 | 25.1 |
| Household income, $ | |||||
| <25 000 | 257 (10.9) | 10.5 | 10.6 | 14.0c | 14.0c |
| 25 000 to 40 000 | 560 (23.7) | 23.2 | 23.8 | 26.6 | 26.1 |
| 40 001 to 65 000 | 711 (30.1) | 30.4 | 30.0 | 28.3 | 28.9 |
| >65 000 | 837 (35.4) | 34.3 | 34.2 | 29.7 | 29.8 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White | 2175 (90.6) | 90.2 | 90.8 | 88.7b | 88.7b |
| Other | 226 (9.4) | 9.8 | 9.2 | 11.3 | 11.3 |
| Parent characteristic assessed at wave 2 | |||||
| Relationship to child | |||||
| Mother/stepmother/foster | 2279 (94.9) | 95.3 | 95.9b | 94.2 | 94.9 |
| Father | 96 (4.0) | 3.5 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 3.6 |
| Other | 26 (1.1) | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.5 |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Neither smoke | 1592 (66.4) | 69.7c | 68.6b | 67.0 | 63.8 |
| One smokes | 509 (21.2) | 20.0 | 20.4 | 21.4 | 22.4 |
| Both smoke | 298 (12.4) | 10.2 | 11.0 | 11.7 | 13.8 |
| Alcohol use | |||||
| Neither drinks | 310 (13.1) | 14.3b | 13.3b | 17.2c | 16.8c |
| One or both drink occasionally | 1255 (53.1) | 53.1 | 53.8 | 55.4 | 55.4 |
| One or both drink weekly or more | 799 (33.8) | 31.2 | 31.5 | 25.8 | 26.3 |
| Parental restriction of R-rated movies | |||||
| Complete | 852 (35.5) | 40.8c | 39.5c | 35.9 | 35.1 |
| Partial | 1416 (59.0) | 55.6 | 56.0 | 59.5 | 60.0 |
| None | 131 (5.5) | 3.6 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.9 |
| Believes MPAA ratings are | |||||
| Useful | 1408 (58.8) | 55.2c | 54.7c | 51.1c | 53.4c |
| Not useful | 987 (41.2) | 44.8 | 45.2 | 48.8 | 46.5 |
| Child characteristic | |||||
| Child lives with participating parent | |||||
| All the time | 2062 (86.0) | 86.8 | 86.6 | 88.3 | 86.3 |
| Sometimes stays with another parent/relative |
335 (14.0) | 13.0 | 13.2 | 11.7 | 13.7 |
| Sex | |||||
| M | 1201 (50.0) | 48.6 | 48.4b | 46.9 | 49.4 |
| F | 1200 (50.0) | 51.4 | 51.6 | 53.1 | 50.6 |
| Age at wave 2, y | |||||
| 9-10 | 464 (19.3) | 20.0 | 19.4 | 18.6 | 18.3 |
| 11 | 886 (36.9) | 35.7 | 37.0 | 35.9 | 36.9 |
| 12 | 773 (32.2) | 33.2 | 32.0 | 33.3 | 32.6 |
| 13-15 | 278 (11.6) | 11.2 | 11.6 | 12.1 | 12.2 |
Abbreviation: MPAA, Motion Picture Association of America.
a
Number of subjects with missing data for parental attitudes and predictors: ratings also based on cigarette smoking (6); ratings also based on alcohol use (7): R rating for cigarette smoking (5); R rating for alcohol use (7); parent age (5); parent education (14); household income (36); parental smoking status (2); parental alcohol use (37); parental restriction of R-rated movies (2); parental beliefs of rating usefulness (6); and child primary residence (4).
b
Overall χ2 P value <.05.
c
Overall χ2 P value <.001.