Table 1. Characteristics of men 18 and older who received an Artificial Urethral Sphincter (AUS) between 1988 and 2008, for surgeons with full case histories. Categorization of patients into different levels of surgeon experience is for illustrative purposes only (n=59,266).

Data are given as median (quartiles) or frequency (%).

	Overall	Surgeon experience (no. of cases before the incident case)			P*
		<5	5–20	>20
Patient and surgical characteristics	N=59,266	N=21,984	N=23,972	N=13,310
Age at implantation	70 (64, 75)	69 (64, 74)	70 (64, 75)	69 (63, 75)	0.7
Treated in the US	40,879 (69%)	15,537 (71%)	16,826 (70%)	8,516 (64%)	0.3
Reason for incontinence
Post RP	41,629 (70%)	15,243 (69%)	17,152 (72%)	9,234 (69%)	0.9
Neurogenic	3,456 (6%)	1,319 (6%)	1,348 (6%)	789 (6%)	0.17
Cuff size (cm)
<=5	50,965 (86%)	17,942 (82%)	21,095 (88%)	11,928 (90%)	0.032
5.5–7.5	2,235 (4%)	693 (3%)	850 (4%)	692 (5%)
>=8	785 (1%)	212 (1%)	284 (1%)	289 (2%)
Missing	5,281 (9%)	3,137 (14%)	1,743 (7%)	401 (3%)
Location of cuff					0.017
Urethral	53,200 (90%)	18,635 (85%)	21,945 (92%)	12,620 (95%)
Bladder neck	785 (1%)	212 (1%)	284 (1%)	289 (2%)
Missing	5,281 (9%)	3,137 (14%)	1,743 (7%)	401 (3%)
Unadjusted Outcomes
Removal	1,746 (3%)	647 (3%)	769 (3%)	330 (2%)	-
Reimplantation	916 (2%)	371 (2%)	400 (2%)	145 (1%)	-
Revision	7,787 (13%)	3,234 (15%)	3,174 (13%)	1,379 (10%)	-
Replacement	3,239 (5%)	1,261 (6%)	1,386 (6%)	592 (4%)	-
Any Correction	11,483 (19%)	4,631 (21%)	4,779 (20%)	2,073 (16%)	-

^*Associations between patient characteristics and surgeon experience were tested using linear regression (age) and logistic regression (etiology of incontinence: radical prostatectomy or neurogenic, and location of AUS: urethral or bladder neck), and ordinal logistic regression (cuff size).