Table 2.
Serum Nicotine Concentrations and Cardiovascular Response by Depressive Symptoms Group and Menstrual Phase (n = 47)
| All participants (n = 47) | No depressive symptoms group (n = 23) | Depressive symptoms group (n = 24) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Follicular phasea | Luteal phasea | Phase differencea | Overall averagea | Follicular phasea | Luteal phasea | Overall averagea | Follicular phasea | Luteal phasea | |
| Serum nicotine | |||||||||
| Tmax | 5.1 (0.3) | 5.5 (0.3) | −0.4±0.4 | 5.3 (0.3) | 5.2 (0.4) | 5.4 (0.4) | 5.3 (0.3) | 5.0 (0.4) | 5.7 (0.4) |
| Cmax | 4.2 (0.4) | 3.4 (0.4) | 0.8±0.4* | 3.1 (0.5) | 3.9 (0.6)*** | 2.3 (0.6)*** | 4.4 (0.5) | 4.4 (0.6)*** | 4.5 (0.6)*** |
| Cardiovascular response | |||||||||
| HRb | 11.2 (1.4) | 8.8 (1.4) | 2.4±1.3** | 9.8 (1.8) | 12.2 (2.0)**** | 7.3 (2.0)**** | 10.4 (1.7) | 10.2 (1.9)**** | 10.5 (2.0)**** |
| SBPb | 5.6 (1.3) | 3.3 (1.3) | 2.4±1.7 | 4.6 (1.4) | 6.5 (1.8) | 2.6 (1.9) | 4.4 (1.4) | 4.8 (1.8) | 4.0 (1.9) |
| DBPb | 5.4 (1.2) | 5.1 (1.2) | 0.2±1.7 | 4.5 (1.2) | 6.2 (1.7)***** | 2.6 (1.7)***** | 6.1 (1.2) | 4.5 (1.7)***** | 7.8 (1.7)***** |
| Correlations | |||||||||
| Cmax − HR | 0.46 | 0.50 | – | – | 0.42 | 0.41 | – | 0.49 | 0.51 |
| Cmax − SBP | 0.12 | 0.16 | – | – | 0.08 | 0.03 | – | 0.17 | 0.19 |
| Cmax − DBP | 0.31 | 0.23 | – | – | 0.31 | −0.21 | – | 0.35 | 0.41 |
| Affect | |||||||||
| Positivec | 1.0 (0.7) | 0.6 (0.7) | 0.3±1.0 | 1.1 (0.7) | 0.8 (1.0) | 1.5 (1.0) | 0.5 (0.7) | 1.2 (1.0) | −0.2 (1.0) |
| Negativec | −1.7 (0.6) | −1.9 (0.6) | 0.2±0.7 | 1.6 (0.6) | −0.8 (0.8)****** | −2.4 (0.8)****** | −2.0 (0.6) | −2.5 (0.8)****** | −1.4 (0.8)****** |
Note. Tmax = time at maximum nicotine concentration (min); Cmax = maximum nicotine concentrations (ng/ml); HR = heart rate (beats/min); SBP = systolic blood pressure (mmHg); DBP = diastolic blood pressure (mmHg).
aMean ± standard error.
bChange from baseline (Time −1) at Cmax.
cChange from baseline (Time −30) at 5min as measured by the Subjective State Scale (al’Absi et al., 1994 ; al’Absi et al., 1998).
*p = .0553; **p = .0749.
Group-phase interactions: ***p = .0216; ****p = .0480; *****p = .0472; ******p = .0665.