Table 1.

Summary of previous studies investigating the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for acromioclavicular joint pain and pathology

Test	Author and Year	Recruitment	Sensitivity	Specificity	LR+	LR-	QUADAS Scorea
Active Compression/O’Brien’s test	O’Brien et al. 1998 [15]	Orthopaedic hospital	93	96	23.1	0.08	5
	Walton et al. 2004 [13]	Specialist shoulder referral centre	16	90	1.6	0.93	13
	Chronopoulos et al. 2004 [14]	Orthopaedic surgical waiting list	41	95	8.2	0.62	10
	Van Riet & Bell 2011 [16]	Orthopaedic hospital	83	N/A	N/A
Cross-body adduction	Chronopoulos et al. 2004 [14]	Orthopaedic surgical waiting list	77	79	3.67	0.29	10
	Van Riet & Bell 2011 [16]	Orthopaedic hospital	67	N/A	N/A	N/R
Localised ACJ tenderness	Walton et al. 2004 [13]	Specialist shoulder referral centre	96	10	1.07	0.40	13
Hawkins Kennedy test	Chronopoulos et al. 2004 [14]	Orthopaedic surgical waiting list	47	45	0.85	1.2	10

Abbreviations: LR+, positive likelihood ratio; LR-, negative likelihood ratio; QUADAS, Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool [45]; N/A, not applicable; N/R, not reported; ACJ, acromioclavicular joint.

^aFrom Hegedus et al. (2008) [30].