Table 4.

Diagnostic accuracy of traditional tests for acromioclavicular joint pain

Clinical tests	Cell counts				Diagnostic accuracy
	TP	FN	FP	TN	Sensitivity (95% CI)	Specificity (95% CI)	PPV (95% CI)	NPV (95% CI)	LR+ (95% CI)	LR- (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Individual tests
Cross-body adduction	14	8	93	33	0.64 (0.43, 0.80)	0.26 (0.19, 0.35)	0.13 (0.08, 0.21)	0.81 (0.66, 0.90)	0.86 (0.58, 1.12)	1.39 (0.71, 2.43)	0.62 (0.24, 1.61)
Active Compression/O’Brien’s test	3	19	10	117	0.14 (0.05, 0.33)	0.92 (0.86, 0.96)	0.23 (0.08, 0.50)	0.86 (0.79, 0.91)	1.73 (0.53, 5.15)	0.94 (0.72, 1.06)	1.85 (0.47. 7.33)
Hawkins-Kennedy test	14	6	81	45	0.70 (0.48, 0.86)	0.36 (0.28, 0.44)	0.15 (0.09, 0.23)	0.88 (0.77, 0.95)	1.09 (0.74, 1.41)	0.84 (0.39, 1.55)	1.30 (0.47, 3.61)
Localised ACJ tenderness	8	14	34	94	0.36 (0.20, 0.57)	0.73 (0.65, 0.80)	0.19 (0.10, 0.33)	0.87 (0.79, 0.92)	1.37 (0.70, 2.39)	0.87 (0.58, 1.13)	1.58 (0.61, 4.10)
Combinations of tests
At least 1 of 4	21	1	120	9	0.96 (0.78, 0.99)	0.07 (0.04, 0.13)	0.15 (0.10, 0.22)	0.90 (0.60, 0.98)	1.03 (0.84, 1.11)	0.65 (0.11, 3.54)	1.58 (0.19, 13.09)
At least 2 of 4	11	9	77	43	0.55 (0.34, 0.74)	0.36 (0.28, 0.45)	0.13 (0.07, 0.21)	0.83 (0.70, 0.91)	0.86 (0.53, 1.20)	1.26 (0.69, 2.01)	0.68 (0.26, 1.78)
At least 3 of 4	6	14	22	93	0.30 (0.15, 0.52)	0.81 (0.73, 0.87)	0.21 (0.10, 0.40)	0.87 (0.79, 0.92)	1.57 (0.70, 3.13)	0.87 (0.59, 1.09)	1.81 (0.63, 5.25)
4 of 4	1	19	1	113	0.05 (0.01, 0.24)	0.99 (0.95, 1.00)	0.50 (0.10, 0.91)	0.86 (0.79, 0.91)	5.70 (0.60, 52.63)	0.96 (0.77, 1.01)	5.95 (0.36, 99.19)

Abbreviations. TP, true positives; FN, false negatives; FP, false positives; TN, true negatives; CI, confidence interval; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; LR+, positive likelihood ratio; LR-, negative likelihood ratio; OR, odds ratio.

Note: Cell counts do not total 153 in some cases due to missing data.

All P-values for the OR were >0.05 (not significant).