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. 2013 May 7;8(5):e63865. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063865

Table 1. Summary of the diverse range of disulfide-rich venom peptides produced in our lab using periplasmic expression.

Toxin name Organism No. of residues No. of SS bonds Yield of correctly folded peptide1 No. of contiguous hydrophobic residues [total] No. of charged residues [net charge] pI2 Isoforms3 Ref.
U2-CUTX-As1a spider 37 4 ++ 2 [7] 5 [+1] 7.69 2 [91]
DkTx spider 76 6 + 4 [23] 22 [+2] 6.84 3 [92]
OAIP 1 spider 33 3 ++ 2 [6] 11 [+5] 8.35 1 [93]
OAIP 2 spider 33 3 ++ 2 [10] 8 [+4] 8.64 1 [93]
OAIP 3 spider 34 3 ++ 3 [9] 5 [+1] 7.77 1 [93]
U1-AGTX-Ta1a spider 51 3 +++ 3 [15] 9 [−1] 5.14 1 [94]
U1-CUTX-As1c spider 76 4 — 4 [19] 14 [+4] 8.15 — [95]
U1-PLTX-Pt1a spider 46 5 — 2 [10] 9 [−1] 5.02 — [96]
U1-TRTX-Pc1a spider 33 3 ++ 3 [12] 5 [+4] 8.35 1 [97]
U2-SGTX-Sf1a spider 46 4 +++ 3 [13] 9 [+1] 6.01 1 [90]
U2-TRTX-Pc1a spider 28 3 ++ 1 [5] 5 [+5] 9.22 1 [97]
β-TRTX-Cm1b spider 33 3 + 2 [8] 12 [+4] 8.86 1 [98]
β-TRTX-Ps1a spider 34 3 +++ 3 [9] 10 [+4] 8.89 1 [98]
β/ω-TRTX-Tp1a spider 35 3 — 3 [10] 8 [+4] 8.37 — [99]
κ-TRTX-Gr3a spider 34 3 +++ 3 [11] 9 [+3] 8.66 1 [100]
κ-TRTX-Tb1a spider 35 3 — 2 [9] 12 [+4] 8.64 — [101]
κ-TRTX-Tb1b spider 35 3 — 2 [8] 12 [+2] 8.32 — [101]
μ-DGTX-Dc1a spider 56 4 ++ 4 [16] 19 [+1] 7.71 2 [102]
µ-TRTX-Hhn1a spider 35 3 + 2 [9] 9 [+4] 8.65 1 [103]
µ-TRTX-Hhn2a spider 33 3 ++ 3 [7] 9 [+5] 8.63 1 [104]
µ-TRTX-Hhn2b spider 33 3 ++ 3 [9] 9 [+3] 8.64 1 [105]
π-TRTX-Pc1a spider 40 3 +++ 1 [8] 16 [+4] 8.66 1 [20]
τ-TRTX-Pc1c spider 34 3 — 3 [10] 11 [−3] 4.48 — [106]
ω-CNTX-Pn4a spider 55 6 ++ 2 [12] 15 [+5] 8.3 1 [107]
APETx2 sea anemone 42 3 + 5 [11] 6 [+2] 8.32 1 [8]
OD1 scorpion 65 4 — 4 [21] 15 [+1] 7.67 — [108]
TxIA conesnail 17 2 +++ 1 [2] 5 [−1] 4.65 1 [109]
MVIA conesnail 32 3 — 3 [12] 4 [−2] 4.03 — [110]
κ-SLTPX-Ssm1a centipede 52 3 +++ 2 [11] 21 [+1] 6.46 1 [111]
κ-SLTPX-Ssm2a centipede 31 3 ++ 2 [8] 7 [+5] 8.33 3 [111]
µ-SLPTX-Ssm1a centipede 32 2 + 3 [9] 12 [+2] 7.91 3 [111]

Venom peptides with molecular weight (MW) ranging from 2000–8000 Da and with 2–6 disulfide (SS) bonds have been expressed from a phylogenetically diverse range of venomous animals. 1Yield: +++, >5 mg/litre; ++, 1–5 mg/litre; +, 0–1 mg/litre; —, no correctly folded protein obtained; 2Calculated using ProtParam (http://web.expasy.org/protparam/accessed 20130220); 3Number of disulfide isoforms evident in final RP-HPLC purification step. N/A  =  not available.