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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Immunol. 2013 Jan 23;34(5):224–233. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2012.12.003

Figure 2. Beyond IL-1β.

Figure 2

Apart from inflammasomes, NLRs play different roles in modulating DC function. Certain NLRs regulate signalling cascades initiated by other pattern recognition receptors like TLRs and RIG-I/MDA-5. NOD1/2 activation synergistically amplifies TLR-mediated activation of NF-κB thus leading to enhanced DC maturation. Other NLRs negatively regulate NF-κB activation by TLRs and RIG-I/MDA-5. NLRP12, NLRX1 and NLRP4 have been shown to bind and inhibit the activity of specific proteins involved in inflammatory signalling cascades. NLRP2 and NLRP6 have also been shown to impair NF-κB activation but the exact mechanism is yet to be elucidated. Additionally, NLRs like CIITA and NLRC5 can control dendritic cell maturation by transcriptional regulation of MHC Class I and Class II respectively.

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