Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
| Silent ischemia N (%) N=84 |
Symptomatic ischemia N (%) N=79 |
P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.29 | |||
| 40–49 yo | 9 (10.7%) | 7 (8.8%) | ||
| 50–59 yo | 17 (20.2%) | 23 (29.1%) | ||
| 60–69 yo | 44 (52.4%) | 31 (39.2%) | ||
| 70+ yo | 14 (16.7%) | 18 (22.8%) | ||
| Sex | 0.54 | |||
| Men | 74 (88.1%) | 67 (84.8%) | ||
| Women | 10 (11.9%) | 12 (15.2%) | ||
| Years of education† | 0.52 | |||
| 5 and 11 years | 16 (19.0%) | 22 (27.8%) | ||
| 12 years | 24 (28.6%) | 17 (21.5%) | ||
| 13 and 15 years | 16 (19.0%) | 15 (17.9%) | ||
| 16 and 27 years | 28 (33.3%) | 24 (30.4%) | ||
| Living alone | 10 (11.9%) | 21 (26.6%) | 0.017 | |
| Working | 0.035 | |||
| full-time | 28 (33.3%) | 24 (30.4%) | ||
| part-time | 5 (6.0%) | 11 (13.9%) | ||
| Retired | 45 (53.6%) | 30 (38.0%) | ||
| ‘other’ | 6 (7.1%) | 14 (17.7%) | ||
| History of MI | 35 (41.7%) | 40 (50.6%) | 0.25 | |
| History of CHF | 4 (4.8%) | 2 (2.5%) | 0.45 | |
| History of hypertension | 38 (45.2%) | 43 (54.4%) | 0.24 | |
| History of diabetes | 13 (15.5%) | 10 (12.7%) | 0.60 | |
| BMI - mean (SD) | 31.21 (16.05) | 28.11 (4.20) | 0.26 | |
| Maximum ST-segment depression | 2.05 (0.64) | 1.92 (0.58) | 0.20 | |
| Hot pain threshold | 45.98 (3.78) | 45.84 (4.40) | 0.84 | |
| β-endorphin baseline | 4.81 (2.96) | 4.74 (3.06) | 0.89 | |
| β-endorphin reactivity | 1.31 (3.39) | 1.28 (3.12) | 0.95 | |
| BDI | 4.80 (4.59) | 7.35 (7.25) | 0.009 | |
| STAI | 29.74 (9.21) | 33.62 (10.26) | 0.012 | |
| MAPQ | 83.77 (42.94) | 99.57 (48.71) | 0.029 | |
| History of angina | 9 (10.7%) | 51 (64.6%) | <0.001 | |
MI = myocardial ischemia; CHF = coronary heart failure, BMI = body mass index, BDI = Beck Depression Inventory, STAI = State Trait Anxiety Inventory, MAPQ = modified Autonomic Perception Questionnaire.
†
1 patient had missing data and was not included in these analyses.
Continuous variables analyzed by independent samples t-tests, categorical variables analyzed by Chi-square tests.