Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2013 Apr 10;190(10):5161–5168. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203311

Figure 1. Hookworm infection is associated with decreased constitutively expressed frequencies of CD4+ Th1 and Th17 cells and increased frequencies of Th2 cells in latent TB.

Figure 1

Whole blood was cultured with media alone for 6 h and the baseline frequencies of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells determined. (A) Representative whole-blood intracellular cytokine assay flow data from a latent TB individual showing expression of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines at baseline. The plots shown are gated on CD3+CD4+ T cells. The baseline frequencies of (B) mono – and (C) dual – functional CD4+ Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells are shown. All individuals were latent TB infected with (HW/LTB; n=21) or without (LTB; n=21) concomitant hookworm infection. The bars represent geometric mean and 95% confidence intervals. P values were calculated using the Mann-Whitney test.