Table 1. Cardiomyocyte contractile function at stimulus frequencies of 0.1–5 Hz (at 37°C) in low fat (LF) or high fat (HF)-fed C57 mice with or without TUDCA treatment (300 mg/kg, 15 d).
| Peak shortening | Vehicle-LF | TUDCA-LF | Vehicle-HF | TUDCA-HF |
| 0.1 Hz | 6.41±0.72 | 6.11±0.82 | 5.07±0.49* | 5.97±0.53 |
| 0.5 Hz | 4.98±0.71 | 4.48±0.57 | 3.75±0.37* | 4.64±0.48 |
| 1.0 Hz | 3.58±0.63 | 3.41±0.46 | 2.70±0.37* | 3.34±0.28 |
| 3.0 Hz | 3.42±0.75 | 3.12±0.58 | 2.26±0.36* | 3.08±0.29 |
| 5.0 Hz | 3.30±0.70 | 2.99±0.56 | 1.97±0.30* | 2.83±0.26 |
| +dL/dt ( µm/sec) | Vehicle-LF | TUDCA-LF | Vehicle-HF | TUDCA-HF |
| 0.1 Hz | 152.5±19.6 | 153.0±16.7 | 113.5±14.1* | 145.8±15.1 |
| 0.5 Hz | 120.0±20.1 | 116.4±13.9 | 92.1±10.6* | 108.0±11.8 |
| 1.0 Hz | 87.2±18.4 | 90.5±11.4 | 65.9±9.2* | 83.1±8.6 |
| 3.0 Hz | 72.7±13.7 | 78.2±12.7 | 50.7±7.4* | 75.2±9.2 |
| 5.0 Hz | 58.0±11.1 | 66.8±9.1 | 38.7±9.1* | 60.9±6.9 |
| −dL/dt ( µm/sec) | Vehicle-LF | TUDCA-LF | Vehicle-HF | TUDCA-HF |
| 0.1 Hz | −142.9±19.2 | −135.5±15.8 | −111.5±14.7* | −131.3±13.0 |
| 0.5 Hz | −112.6±16.9 | −118.6±16.4 | −91.2±12.4* | −113.3±17.0 |
| 1.0 Hz | −75.5±13.7 | −89.2±14.1 | −55.7±9.0* | −70.5±9.4 |
| 3.0 Hz | −67.1±13.8 | −65.9±14.9 | −40.6±7.2* | −62.2±8.4 |
| 5.0 Hz | −55.1±10.7 | −56.5±11.2 | −35.1±5.8* | −52.3±6.6 |
| TR90 (msec) | Vehicle-LF | TUDCA-LF | Vehicle-HF | TUDCA-HF |
| 0.1 Hz | 171.1±11.3 | 175.3±17.4 | 215.6±18.7* | 176.7±15.9 |
| 0.5 Hz | 170.2±12.7 | 165.9±14.2 | 224.5±14.1* | 175.8±16.4 |
| 1.0 Hz | 172.5±20.3 | 170.6±20.0 | 219.0±17.3* | 173.4±17.1 |
| 3.0 Hz | 98.8±8.2 | 113.3±7.8 | 126.7±10.7* | 103.1±7.9 |
| 5.0 Hz | 96.5±7.9 | 96.9±9.29 | 102.2±7.8 | 94.2±10.3 |
Peak shortening is presented as% change of resting cell length;±dL/dt: Maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening; TR90: Time-to-90% relengthening; Mean±SEM, n = 32–33 cells from 4 mice per group, *p<0.05 vs. Vehicle-LF or TUDCA-HF group.