Table I.

Twin Studies of Preferences for Individual Foods or Tastants

Food item	N (MZ/DZ)	Heritabilitya	Reference
Spicy foods
Chili peppers (how hot?)	38/34	+	Rozin & Millman, 1987
Spicy foods	48/48	+	Faust, 1974
”Strong”-tasting foods	16/0	+b	Glanville & Kaplan, 1965
Sweet foods
Candy	232/223	ns	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Cereal, sweetened	14/21	+	Falciglia et al., 1994
Doughnut	13/10	ns	Krondl et al., 1983
Honey	13/10	ns	Krondl et al., 1983
Ice cream	13/10	ns	Krondl et al., 1983
Jam	13/10	ns	Krondl et al, 1983
Jam, jelly, syrup	232/223	ns	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Peppermint	38/34	ns	Rozin & Millman, 1987
Snack cake	14/21	ns	Falciglia et al., 1994
Soda/cola	14/21	ns	Falciglia et al., 1994
Sucrose	146/165	ns	Greene et al., 1975
Sugar	38/34	ns	Rozin & Millman, 1987
Sugar in coffee	232/223	+	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Sugar in tea	232/223	+	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Salty foods
Anchovies	48/48	ns	Faust, 1974
Salt use (heavy)	255/179	+	Austin et al., 1987
Sodium chloride	146/165	ns	Greene et al., 1975
Complex carbohydrates
Cereal, unsweetened	14/21	ns	Falciglia et al., 1994
Cereals	232/223	ns	Fabsitz et al., 1978
French fries	14/21	ns	Falciglia et al., 1994
Potato chips	13/10	ns	Krondl et al., 1983
Potatoes	232/223	ns	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Rice	232/223	ns	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Spaghetti	14/21	ns	Falciglia et al., 1994
Vegetables
Beans	14/21	ns	Falciglia et al., 1994
Black olives	38/34	ns	Rozin & Millman, 1987
Broccoli	13/10	+	Krondl et al., 1983
Broccoli	14/21	ns	Falciglia et al., 1994
Brussels sprouts	13/10	ns	Krondl et al., 1983
Cabbage	13/10	ns	Krondl et al., 1983
Cauliflower	13/10	ns	Krondl et al., 1983
Cooked vegetables	232/223	ns	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Corn	14/21	ns	Falciglia et al., 1994
Green beans	13/10	+	Krondl et al., 1983
Lima beans	38/34	ns	Rozin & Millman, 1987
Parsnips	48/48	ns	Faust, 1974
Peanut butter	232/223	ns	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Radish	38/34	ns	Rozin & Millman, 1987
Raw onion	38/34	ns	Rozin & Millman, 1987
Salads	232/223	ns	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Spinach	13/10	ns	Krondl et al., 1983
Tomatoes	48/48	ns	Faust, 1974
Turnips	13/10	ns	Krondl et al., 1983
Fruits and fruit juices
Apple	14/21	ns	Falciglia et al., 1994
Fruit	232/223	ns	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Lemon	38/34	ns	Rozin & Millman, 1987
Lemon juice	13/10	ns	Krondl et al., 1983
Melon	48/48	ns	Faust, 1974
Orange juice	14/21	+	Falciglia et al., 1994
Strawberry	13/10	+	Krondl et al., 1983
Unsweetened apple sauce	13/10	+	Krondl et al., 1983
Unsweetened grapefruit juice	13/10	+	Krondl et al., 1983
Unsweetened orange juice	13/10	+	Krondl et al., 1983
Pharmacologically active foods and beverages
Alcohol (not beer or wine)	232/223	+	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Alcohol	255/179	+	Austin et al., 1987
Beer	13/10	ns	Krondl et al., 1983
Beer	232/223	ns	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Black coffee	13/10	ns	Krondl et al., 1983
Black coffee	38/34	ns	Rozin & Millman, 1987
Black tea	13/10	ns	Krondl et al., 1983
Coffee	255/179	+	Austin et al., 1987
Coffee	232/223	+	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Iced or hot tea	232/223	+	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Tonic water	13/10	ns	Krondl et al., 1983
Wine	232/223	+	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Meats and dairy products
Bacon	13/10	+	Krondl et al., 1983
Beef liver	38/34	ns	Rozin & Millman, 1987
Cheese	48/48	ns	Faust, 1974
Cheese, American	14/21	ns	Falciglia et al., 1994
Chicken	14/21	ns	Falciglia et al., 1994
Consomme	13/10	ns	Krondl et al., 1983
Cottage cheese	14/21	+	Falciglia et al., 1994
Eggs	232/223	ns	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Gravy	232/223	ns	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Ham	13/10	ns	Krondl et al., 1983
Hamburger	14/21	ns	Falciglia et al., 1994
Liver	48/48	ns	Faust, 1974
Liverwurst	38/34	ns	Rozin & Millman, 1987
Milk, low fat	14/21	ns	Falciglia et al., 1994
Milk, whole	14/21	ns	Falciglia et al., 1994
Pork, ham bacon	232/223	ns	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Skim, chocolate milk	232/223	ns	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Soft boiled eggs	38/34	ns	Rozin & Millman, 1987
Steak, pot roast	232/223	ns	Fabsitz et al., 1978
Yogurt	48/48	ns	Faust, 1974
Yogurt	38/34	+c	Rozin & Millman, 1987

^aIndividual studies differed in data analysis methods, so direct comparisons are difficult; if the investigators reported a p value <.05 for the chosen method of analysis, it is denoted in this table by a +; p values >.05 are denoted as not significant (ns).

^bGlanville and Kaplan (1965) did not examine DZ twin pairs but reported a high correlation between MZ twins.

^cThis positive result is based on a negative correlation between DZ twin pairs and a small positive correlation between MZ twin pairs.