Table 2.
Relative Risk (95% CI) of Total, Nonfatal, and Fatal CHD by Quintile (Q) of Magnesium Intake
| Magnesium Intake | P–Linear Trend* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | ||
| Range of magnesium, mg/day | <246 | 246 to 276 | 277 to 305 | 306 to 342 | >342 | |
| Person‐years | 469 774 | 462 968 | 471 581 | 472 193 | 471 093 | |
| Total CHD | ||||||
| Cases | 698 | 736 | 731 | 752 | 697 | |
| Age‐adjusted model | 1.0 (ref) | 0.91 (0.82 to 1.01) | 0.82 (0.74 to 0.91) | 0.79 (0.71 to 0.88) | 0.70 (0.63 to 0.78) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable model 1* | 1.0 (ref) | 0.98 (0.87 to 1.10) | 0.91 (0.79 to 1.04) | 0.90 (0.77 to 1.05) | 0.83 (0.69 to 0.98) | 0.02 |
| Multivariable model 2* | 1.0 (ref) | 0.99 (0.87 to 1.11) | 0.94 (0.82 to 1.08) | 0.95 (0.82 to 1.11) | 0.88 (0.74 to 1.04) | 0.12 |
| Multivariable model 3* | 1.0 (ref) | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.12) | 0.93 (0.81 to 1.06) | 0.95 (0.81 to 1.10) | 0.88 (0.74 to 1.05) | 0.15 |
| Nonfatal CHD | ||||||
| Cases | 474 | 522 | 511 | 514 | 490 | |
| Age‐adjusted model | 1.0 (ref) | 0.97 (0.85 to 1.10) | 0.87 (0.77 to 0.99) | 0.83 (0.73 to 0.94) | 0.76 (0.67 to 0.87) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable model 1 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.04 (0.90 to 1.20) | 0.98 (0.83 to 1.15) | 0.99 (0.82 to 1.18) | 0.97 (0.78 to 1.20) | 0.66 |
| Multivariable model 2 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.05 (0.91 to 1.21) | 1.01 (0.85 to 1.19) | 1.04 (0.86 to 1.24) | 1.03 (0.83 to 1.27) | 0.88 |
| Multivariable model 3 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.05 (0.91 to 1.21) | 0.99 (0.84 to 1.17) | 1.02 (0.85 to 1.23) | 1.02 (0.82 to 1.25) | 0.97 |
| Fatal CHD | ||||||
| Cases | 224 | 214 | 220 | 238 | 207 | |
| Age‐adjusted model | 1.0 (ref) | 0.78 (0.65 to 0.94) | 0.72 (0.60 to 0.87) | 0.71 (0.59 to 0.86) | 0.58 (0.48 to 0.70) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable model 1 | 1.0 (ref) | 0.85 (0.69 to 1.06) | 0.77 (0.60 to 0.99) | 0.74 (0.56 to 0.97) | 0.58 (0.42 to 0.79) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable model 2 | 1.0 (ref) | 0.86 (0.69 to 1.07) | 0.81 (0.63 to 1.03) | 0.79 (0.60 to 1.04) | 0.61 (0.45 to 0.84) | 0.003 |
| Multivariable model 3 | 1.0 (ref) | 0.85 (0.69 to 1.06) | 0.80 (0.62 to 1.02) | 0.79 (0.60 to 1.04) | 0.64 (0.46 to 0.87) | 0.006 |
CI indicates confidence interval; CHD, coronary heart disease; RR, relative risk; BMI, body mass index; MI, myocardial infarction.
Test for linear trend estimated by assigning the median value of plasma magnesium in each quartile and modeling this as a continuous variable in regression models.
RR adjusted for age, calendar year, total calories, smoking, BMI, parental history of MI, alcohol intake, physical activity, menopausal therapy, multivitamin use, and intake of omega‐3 fats, polyunsaturated:saturated fat, trans fat, dietary cholesterol, calcium, cereal fiber, potassium, and vitamin D.
RR adjusted for covariates in model 1 plus history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes at baseline.
RR adjusted for covariates in model 1 plus the development of possible intermediate diseases (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes) during follow‐up.