Table 1. Characteristics and clinical signs and symptoms of patients <6 mo of age infected with Bordetella pertussis isolates negative or positive for pertactin, France, 2004–2011*.
| Variable | Pertactin-negative isolate, n = 20 | Pertactin-positive isolate, n = 40 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex, % | 60 | 50 | 0.46† |
| Age, d (range) |
66 (16–147) |
61 (23–132) |
NA |
| Year of illness, % | NA | ||
| 2004 | 5 | 2.5 | NA |
| 2005 | 10 | 7.5 | NA |
| 2006 | 5 | 5 | NA |
| 2007 | 15 | 15 | NA |
| 2008 | 5 | 7.5 | NA |
| 2009 | 25 | 35 | NA |
| 2010 | 5 | 22.5 | NA |
| 2011 |
30 |
5 |
NA |
| Previous vaccination |
4/19 (21.05) |
8/39 (20.51) |
0.96† |
| Vaccinated according to recommendations | n = 19 | n = 39 | NA |
| Yes | 2 (10.53) | 4 (10.26) | 1.0‡ |
| No | 5 (26.32) | 10 (26.54) | NA |
| Not eligible (<2 mo of age) |
12 (63.16 |
25 (64.10) |
NA |
| Time from onset of signs and symptoms to sample collection, d (range) |
14.6 (1–37), n = 13 |
9.9 (2–35), n = 33 |
0.04§ |
| Signs and symptoms | |||
| Nocturnal cough | 6/7 (86) | 19/22 (86) | 1‡ |
| Paroxysmal cough | 16/16 (100) | 35/36 (97) | 1‡ |
| Syncope | 4/9 (44) | 8/25 (32) | 0.69‡ |
| Vomiting | 3/11 (27) | 15/29 (52) | 0.29‡ |
| Loss of weight | 5/10 (50) | 10/25 (40) | 0.71‡ |
| Whoop | 5/8 (62) | 6/14 (43) | 0.66‡ |
| Apnea | 5/8 (62) | 11/24 (46) | 0.68‡ |
| Fever | 2/11 (18) | 3/31 (10) | 0.59‡ |
| Bradycardia | 4/7 (57) | 14/20 (70) | 0.6‡ |
| Atypical cough | 1/9 (11) | 6/17 (35) | 0.36‡ |
| Cyanosis/desaturation | 9/11 (82) | 20/25 (80) | 1‡ |
| Deterioration of general condition | 4/9 (44) | 9/28 (32) | 0.77‡ |
| Malignant pertussis | 0/9 | 1/28 (4) | NA |
| Hyperlymphocytosis |
8/9 (89) |
17/23 (74) |
0.64‡ |
| Hospitalization | 16/18 (89) | 36/39 (92) | 0.65‡ |
| Duration of hospitalization, d (range) |
12.6 (1–45), n = 9 |
16.6 (1–60), n = 28 |
0.18§ |
| Intensive care | 5/10 (50) | 13/30 (43) | 0.73‡ |
| Duration of intensive care, d (range) | 8.2 (2–21), n = 5 | 5.4 (1–14), n = 12 | 0.24§ |
*Values are (no. patients with variable/no. of patients with data) except as indicated. NA, not applicable. †χ2 test. ‡Fisher exact test. §Mann-Whitney U test.