Fig. 9.
The comparative effect of CAP powders with different particle morphologies on the mRNA expression of three different osteogenic markers: BGLAP, Runx2 and BSP-1 in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. mRNA expression was detected by quantitative RT-polymerase chain reaction relative to the housekeeping gene ACTB. Data normalized to expression of ACTB are shown as averages with error bars representing standard deviation. Genes significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated with respect to the control group are marked with *. Genes significantly (p < 0.05) downregulated with respect to the control group are marked with +. The transcript levels of BSP-1 were multiplied 100-fold to fit the scale.