Table 1.
Bioenergetic profiles of non-mitochondrially targeted antioxidants. MES-13 cells were seeded in a Seahorse XF-24 plate at 30,000 cells per well for 24 h. Cellular media was replaced with low-buffered DMEM media prior to the assay and allowed to equilibrate for 1 h at 37 °C. Basal OCR measurements were made for approximately 30 min followed by injection of Coenzyme Q10 (1 μM), Tempol (1 μM), or Vitamin E (1 μM). Two hours later, the effects of oligomycin (1 μg/mL), FCCP (2 μM), and AA (10 μM) treatment were determined. Basal OCR is calculated as the difference in OCR before compound injection and after two hours of exposure. ATP linked is the difference in OCR before and after Oligomycin. Proton Leak is the difference in OCR after oligomycin injection and antimycin A. Maximal is the OCR following FCCP injection. Data is expressed as a percent relative to the basal OCR rate before compound injection. All data shown are mean±SEM, n=3–5 group. *, p<0.05 vs. untreated controls, statistical comparison performed using ANOVA and Newman–Keuls.
| Bioenergetic profiles of Non-mitochondrially targeted antioxidants | ||
|---|---|---|
| Basal OCR (%) | ||
| Coenzyme Q10 | 1 μM | 99±1.2 |
| Tempol | 1 μM | 89±1.7 |
| Vitamin E | 1 μM | 103±2.4 |
| ATP linked OCR (%) | ||
| Coenzyme Q10 | 1 μM | 72±2.5 |
| Tempol | 1 μM | 65±1.6 |
| Vitamin E | 1 μM | 72±3.7 |
| Proton leak OCR (%) | ||
| Coenzyme Q10 | 1 μM | 20±0.5 |
| Tempol | 1 μM | 19±0.8 |
| Vitamin E | 1 μM | 19±1.6 |
| Maximal OCR (%) | ||
| Coenzyme Q10 | 1 μM | 143±7.1 |
| Tempol | 1 μM | 146±9.1 |
| Vitamin E | 1 μM | 149±6.2 |