Table 2.

Bioenergetic profiles of mitochondrially targeted antioxidants. MES-13 cells were seeded in a Seahorse XF-24 plate at 30,000 cells per well for 24 h. Cellular media was replaced with low-buffered DMEM media prior to the assay and allowed to equilibrate for 1 h at 37 °C. Basal OCR measurements were made for approximately 30 min followed by injection of MitoQ, MitoTempol, or MitoE. Two hours later, the effects of oligomycin (1 μg/mL), FCCP (2 μM), and AA (10 μM) treatment were determined. Basal OCR is calculated as the difference in OCR before compound injection and after two hours of exposure. ATP linked is the difference in OCR before and after Oligomycin. Proton Leak is the difference in OCR after Oligomycin injection and Antimycin A. Maximal is the OCR after FCCP injection. Data is expressed as a percent relative to the basal OCR rate before compound injection. All data shown are mean±SEM, n=3–5 group. ^⁎p<0.05 vs. all groups, statistical comparison performed using ANOVA and Newman–Keuls.

Bioenergetic profiles of mitochondrially targeted antioxidants
Basal OCR (%)			Proton leak OCR (%)
MitoQ	0.01 μM	94±2.2	MitoQ	0.01 μM	14±5.3
	0.1 μM	97±1.3		0.1 μM	25±2.1
	1 μM	70±4.1⁎		1 μM	47±2.4⁎
MitoTempol	0.01 μM	101±1.5	MitoTempol	0.01 μM	21±1.4
	0.1 μM	91±2.8		0.1 μM	19±0.7
	1 μM	70±3.0⁎		1 μM	49±2.9⁎
MitoE	0.01 μM	100±5.4	MitoE	0.01 μM	23±1.5
	0.1 μM	103±1.6		0.1 μM	22±3.1
	1 μM	73±1.2⁎		1 μM	36±2.2⁎
ATP linked OCR (%)			Maximal OCR (%)
MitoQ	0.01 μM	66±1.7	MitoQ	0.01 μM	136±5.8
	0.1 μM	72±3.3		0.1 μM	130±3.3
	1 μM	13±3.2⁎		1 μM	62±7.0⁎
MitoTempol	0.01 μM	63±2.2	MitoTempol	0.01 μM	119±6.2
	0.1 μM	57±2.7		0.1 μM	124±4.5
	1 μM	7±1.9⁎		1 μM	42±6.8⁎
MitoE	0.01 μM	72±2.9	MitoE	0.01 μM	170±9.0
	0.1 μM	74±6.3		0.1 μM	150±3.8
	1 μM	26±2.6⁎		1 μM	108±1.3⁎