Table 3.

Blood draw waiting time required to avoid a TTD delay of ≥3 h^b

Druga	Blood draw waiting time (h)									Result	Reference or source
	C. albicans	E. faecium	S. epidermidis	MSSA	S. pneumoniae SP2	P. aeruginosa	E. coli	K. pneumoniae KP2	B. fragilis
AMC	—	—	1.7	<1	NN	—	0	0	—	NN	27
FEB	—	—	—	—	NN	1.6	NN	NN	—	NN	28
CTX	—	—	—	—	NN	—	NN	<1	—	NN	29
CIP	—	—	0	0	0	0	0	<1	—	<1	30
CLR	—	—	0	0	0	—	—	—	—	0	NA
CLI	—	—	0	0	—	—	—	—	—	0	NA
FLC	0	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0	NA
GEN	—	—	0	0	—	0	0	0	—	0	NA
LZD	—	0	0	0	—	—	—	—	—	0	NA
MEM	—	—	5	2.1	—	<1	NN	<1	NN	NN	31
MZ	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	NN	NN	NA
TZP	—	—	0	<1	—	0	—	—	0	<1	32
TGC	—	0	0	0	0	—	0	0	0	0	NA
VAN	—	0	0	0	—	—	—	—	—	0	NA

^aAMC, amoxicillin-clavulanate; FEB, cefepime; CTX, cefotaxime; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CLR, clarithromycin; CLI, clindamycin; FLC, fluconazole; GEN, gentamicin; LZD, linezolid; MEM, meropenem; MZ, metronidazole; TZP, piperacillin-tazobactam; TGC, tigecycline; VAN, vancomycin.

^bCalculation of waiting times was based on the mean peak serum drug concentration (C_max) and the more effectively neutralizing bottle within a blood culture pair. The cumulative substance-specific waiting time is shown: —, not tested; NN, not neutralized, i.e., maximum waiting time was reached; 0, complete neutralization, i.e., critical concentration was higher than the C_max and there was no latency in the indicated setting; NA, not applicable. Values other than 0 indicate the waiting time that allowed for a <3-h delay in the TTD.