Table 3.

Associations identified between potential covariates and IFSQ subscales in the toddler sample

	Responsive subscales	Restrictive subscales	Pressuring to eat subscales	Indulgent subscales	Laissez-Faire subscales
Infant Gender
Infant Relative Weighta
Maternal Education Level	Diet Quality**	Satiety and Hunger Cues*	Cereal**	Coaxing*
				Permissive*
				Soothe*
Maternal Ethnicity			Cereal**	Coaxing*	Attention*
			To Soothe*	Soothe*
Family Income Level				Pampering*
Marital Status	Diet Quality*			Coaxing**	Attention*
	Amount of Food Consumed*		Cereal**	Permissive**
				Soothe**
Maternal Weight Status

*p<0.05

**p<0.01

^a The association between infant relative weight and the IFSQ subscales were assessed by Spearman Correlation, due to the continuous nature of the covariate, while Analysis of Variance analyses were performed for all other covariates.

Note: All categorical covariates were coded as follows: Gender (Male=1, Female=2); Maternal Education Level (College Grad or Higher=1, Less than College Grad=0); Maternal Ethnicity (White=1, Black=2, 3=Hispanic); Income level (1=less than $35,000, 2=$35,000-49,999, 3=$50,000-74,999, 4=$75,000-99,999, 5=100,000 or greater); Marital Status (Married=1, Not Married=0); Maternal weight status (Overweight/Obese=1, Not overweight/obese=0).