Table 5.
Demographics of toddler sample and by breastfeeding groups
| Demographics | All toddlers | BF< 3mos | BF 3-6mos | BF>6mos | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
n=75 |
n=21 |
n=14 |
n=40 |
|
| Mother Age, mean (SD) |
30.5 (5.5) |
30.8 (7.3) |
27.9 (4.5) |
31.2 (4.6) |
0.15 |
| Months of Any Breastfeeding, mean (SD)** |
7.9 (6.5) |
0.4 (0.5) |
4.9 (1.0) |
12.7 (4.8) |
0.00 |
| Months of Exclusive Breastfeeding, mean (SD) |
3.0 (2.8) |
0.2 (0.3) |
1.7 (1.5) |
4.5 (2.0) |
0.01 |
| Age at Introduction of Complementary Foods (Months), mean (SD) |
4.9 (1.5) |
4.2 (1.4) |
4.4 (1.6) |
5.2 (1.5) |
0.00 |
| Toddler Weight-for-length z-score |
−0.13 (1.0) |
−0.10 (1.1) |
0.36 (0.9) |
0.32 (0.9) |
0.08 |
| Never put Cereal in Bottle?† |
45.9% |
47.4% |
30.8% |
83.3% |
0.01 |
| Infant Gender |
|
|
|
|
0.71 |
| Male |
42.1% |
38.1% |
35.7% |
46.3% |
|
| Female |
57.9% |
61.9% |
64.3% |
53.7% |
|
| Mom Race Ethnicity* |
|
|
|
|
0.03 |
| White, non-Hispanic |
32.9% |
14.3% |
21.4% |
46.3% |
|
| Black, African American |
31.6% |
47.6% |
50% |
17.1% |
|
| Hispanic |
35.5% |
38.1% |
28.6% |
36.6% |
|
| Parity |
|
|
|
|
0.93 |
| Primiparious at Child’s Birth |
52.6% |
52.4% |
57.1% |
51.2% |
|
| Household Income Level |
|
|
|
|
0.24 |
| < $35,000 |
28.3% |
28.6% |
50% |
15.0% |
|
| $35,000-45,999 |
18.7% |
23.8% |
7.1% |
20.0% |
|
| $50,000-$74,999 |
20.0% |
25.8% |
7.1% |
22.5% |
|
| $75,000-$99,999 |
14.7% |
9.4% |
7.1% |
20.0% |
|
| ≥$100,000 |
21.3% |
14.3% |
28.6% |
22.5% |
|
| Maternal Education Level* |
|
|
|
|
0.02 |
| College Graduate? |
61.8% |
38.1% |
57.1% |
75.6% |
|
| Mother Employed? |
57.9% |
52.4% |
57.1% |
61.0% |
0.81 |
| Mom Overweight or Obese |
52.9% |
47.4% |
63.6% |
29.4% |
0.69 |
| Family Participates in WIC** | 21.1% | 38.1% | 42.9% | 4.9% | 0.00 |
*p<0.05
**p<0.01
aFor mothers who were still breastfeeding, the duration of breastfeeding was put as their infant’s age at the time of enrollment.
bBased on answering “Never” to the question, “I give/gave my child cereal in the bottle.”