Table 7.
ANCOVA† of Breastfeeding Duration as a Function of Maternal Feeding Styles among Toddlers
| IFSQ Subscale | BF<3 Mon (n=21) | BF 3–6 Mon (n=14) | BF>6 Mon (n=41) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Responsiveness Subscales |
|
|
|
|
| Satiety and Hunger Cues |
4.6 (0.3) |
4.5 (0.4) |
4.4 (0.4) |
0.15 |
| Attention & Interactions |
3.8 (0.7) |
3.7 (0.7) |
3.7 (0.7) |
0.84 |
|
Restriction Subscales |
|
|
|
|
| Amount of Food Consumed |
3.2 (1.1) |
3.1 (1.1) |
2.8 (0.9) |
0.18 |
| Diet Quality |
2.8 (0.5) |
3.0 (0.5) |
3.0 (0.5) |
0.34 |
|
Pressuring to Eat Subscales |
|
|
|
|
| To Soothe |
2.3 (0.8) |
2.1 (0.6) |
2.3 (0.8) |
0.72 |
| Finishing Food |
2.6 (0.9) |
2.5 (0.8) |
2.3 (0.7) |
0.56 |
| Cereal* |
2.6 (1.2) |
2.4 (0.8) |
1.4 (0.5) |
0.00 |
|
Indulgent Subscales |
|
|
|
|
| Coaxing |
1.7 (0.7) |
1.4(0.4) |
1.4(0.4) |
0.28 |
| Pampering |
1.6 (0.9) |
1.5 (0.4) |
1.4 (0.4) |
0.85 |
| Permissive |
2.1 (1.0) |
2.0 (0.8) |
1.9 (0.5) |
0.86 |
| Soothing |
1.4 (0.7) |
1.4 (0.4) |
1.3 (0.4) |
0.95 |
|
Laissez-faire Subscales |
|
|
|
|
| Attention |
2.1 (0.7) |
2.1 (0.7) |
1.8 (0.6) |
0.20 |
| Diet Quality | 2.1 (0.8) | 2.3 (0.6) | 2.4 (0.9) | 0.57 |
†Covariates included were maternal ethnicity marital status and maternal education level.
*p<0.05.
** p<0.01.
Note: IFSQ Subscales were scored from 1–5, where behaviors are scored from “1”-never to “5”-always and beliefs are scored from “1”-disagree to “5”-agree. The behavior portion of the Laissez-Faire Diet Quality Subscale was scored in descending order where “1”-always to “5”-never. IFSQ=Infant Feeding Styles Questionnaire; BF<3 Mon=Breastfed less than 3 months group; BF3-6 Mon= Breastfed for 3–6 months group; BF>6 Mon= Breastfed for more than 6 months group.