Table 1.

List of genes required for full virulencein vivothat are induced after acid shock at 25 and 37°C

Locus	Gene	Functional annotation or prediction	Commentsa	T	Min after acid shock				Adaptationb
					15	30	60	120
Induced after acid shock at both 25°C and 37°C.
lmo0137		ABC transporter	Required for full virulence in mice [24]	25°C	4.0	5.0	5.8	9.5	0.8
				37°C	19.2	5.7	7.9	6.3	n.a.
lmo0264	inlE	InlE, internalin E	Required for full virulence in mice [25]	25°C	1.9	5.7	14.4	9.5	0.5
				37°C	5.7	6.5	4.2	2.2	1*
lmo0433	inlA	InlA, internalin A	Required for host cell entry in vivo[26], PrfA-regulated [27]and σB[28]	25°C	1*	4.6	6.5	4.4	1*
				37°C	2.7	2.8	2.4	1*	2.3
lmo0434	inlB	InlB, internalin B	Required for host cell entry in vivo[26], σB-regulated [28]	25°C	1*	3.3	10.9	1*	0.7
				37°C	3.8	7.1	4.0	1*	1*
lmo0515		Universal stress protein	Important for growth in vivo[29]	25°C	4.0	11.3	19.2	18.6	0.3
				37°C	9.3	10.4	10.3	4.1	1*
lmo0931	lplA1	Lipoate protein ligase A	Aborted replication in macrophages and in vivo[30]	25°C	1*	1*	1.7	2.3	1.5
				37°C	1.9	2.1	2.4	2.5	1*
lmo1295	hfq	RNA-binding protein	Contributes to virulence [31]	25°C	1*	2.1	3.4	2.8	0.6
				37°C	1*	3.7	2.8	1.7	1*
lmo1377	lisR	TCS response regulator	Contributes to virulence [11,32]	25°C	1*	0.9	1.7	2.9	1*
				37°C	1*	1*	2.0	2.0	1.3
lmo1580		Universal stress protein	Important for growth in vivo[29]	25°C	3.5	7.1	7.7	7.6	1*
				37°C	4.8	3.0	1.9	1*	2.0
lmo1683	perR	Transcription regulator (Fur family), PerR in B. subtilis	Mutant is attenuated in mice [33]	25°C	1*	2.6	3.5	5.4	1*
				37°C	1.6	4.0	5.1	4.6	2.3
lmo2067	bshc	Bile salt hydrolase	PrfA- [34] and σB-regulated [35], necessary for gastrointestinal persistence [36] and virulence [37]	25°C	3.1	7.1	9.1	7.0	0.4
				37°C	(7.6)	(3.0)	(3.0)	(2.1)	(2.8)
lmo2157	sepA	Hypothetical protein	Intracellularly up regulated [38,39], deletion decreases virulence [40]	25°C	1*	2.8	5.9	5.4	1*
				37°C	3.2	5.0	4.3	1.6	1*
lmo2468	clpP	ATP-dependent Clp protease, proteolytic subunit	Required for full virulence [41] and induced intracellularly [38]	25°C	1.4	1.9	4.1	6.4	1*
				37°C	2.9	4.1	2.9	2.3	1.5
lmo2515	degU	Response regulator	Contributes to virulence [42]	25°C	0.9	0.9	2.0	3.0	1*
				37°C	1*	2.3	2.9	1.9	1*
lmo2673		Universal stress protein	Important for growth in vivo[29]	25°C	1.9	6.7	13.8	12.6	0.6
				37°C	5.0	5.2	3.4	3.8	1*
Induced after acid shock at 25°C, but not at 37°C
lmo0641	frvA	Fur-regulated virulence factor	A putative P-type ATPase required for virulence [43]	25°C	2.5	5.9	6.2	4.9	2.4
lmo0754	btlB	Bile acid 7-α-dehydratase	Important for intestinal persistence [36]	25°C	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.5	1*
lmo1773	purB	Adenylosuccinate lyase	Mutants attenuated for systemic infection in mice [44]	25°C	1.0	0.9	2.4	1*	1*
Induced after acid shock at 37°C, but not at 25°C
lmo0153	zinA	Zinc ABC transporter, Zn-binding	Contributes to full virulence in vivo[45]	37°C	1*	1*	1.85	2.28	1.38
lmo1829	fbpA	Homologies to atypical fibronectin-binding proteins	Increases adherence, required for intestinal and liver colonization [46]	37°C	1*	2.0	1.8	2.3	1*

Fold induction values: The integer digits (up regulated genes) or the first post decimal digit (down regulated genes) is significant (p < 0.05).

n.a.: data not available; T, temperature.

1*: No significant difference (p > 0.05) between experiment and control; the value was therefore set to 1.

^aComments are based on the given reference(s).

^bThe pH for adaptation was 5.2 instead of 5.0 as for all other time points, to allow for significant growth at low pH.

^cThe 37°C values for bsh did not pass the quality threshold due to insufficient number of independent data points; the data available are in brackets.