Table 2. Results from 5-fold and pasture cross validation of wolf, elk and cattle resource selection functions (RSFs) during day and night in southwest Alberta, Canada.

	Wolf		Elk			Cattle
	Day	Night	Day	Night		Day	Night
Spearman rs
Group					Pasture
1	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	Bob Creek – Porcupine Hills	0.726	0.808
2	0.988	0.976	1.000	1.000	Porcupine Hills – Bob Creek	0.618	0.599
3	0.964	0.988	1.000	1.000
4	0.952	0.988	1.000	1.000
5	0.994	0.951	1.000	1.000
Mean	0.979	0.981	1.000	1.000		0.672	0.704
R2
1	0.941	0.914	0.948	0.925	Bob Creek – Porcupine Hills	0.559	0.519
2	0.863	0.794	0.945	0.911	Porcupine Hills – Bob Creek	0.122	0.025
3	0.769	0.761	0.945	0.938
4	0.874	0.841	0.949	0.926
5	0.857	0.839	0.946	0.924
Mean	0.839	0.884	0.943	0.920		0.340	0.272

Spearman correlations were calculated between RSF-habitat ranks and area-adjusted frequencies on a withheld sub-sample of data (20%) 5-times. We also calculated a linear regression between observed frequency and expected RSF scores and assessed the fit. We validated the cattle RSF using a 2-pasture cross validation, where separate cattle RSFs were produced for each pasture and a Spearman rank correlation and linear regression between the two models was calculated in each pasture.