Table 4. Weighted Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2007–2008 Stratified by Gender.
Sao Paulo | Rio de Janeiro | |||||||
Male | Female | TOTAL | Male | Female | TOTAL | |||
Lifetime mental disorders | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | p | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | P | ||
Alcohol hazardous use | 13.6 (11.1–16.1) | 4.2 (2.9–5.5) | <0.001 | 8.1 (6.8–9.5) | 14.9 (11.4–18.3) | 5.2 (3.4–7.0) | <0.001 | 9.4 (7.5–11.2) |
Alcohol dependence | 9.3 (7.1–11.5) | 3.3 (2.2–4.4) | <0.001 | 5.8 (4.7–7.0) | 8.8 (6.0–11.6) | 4.3 (2.6–5.9) | <0.003 | 6.2 (4.7–7.7) |
Major depressive disorder | 11.6 (9.1–14.0) | 24.2 (21.5–27.0) | <0.001 | 19.9 (17.0–20.8) | 10.8 (8.8–15.0) | 22.5 (21.4–28.5) | <0.001 | 17.4 (15.0–19.8) |
Dysthymia | 0.7 (0.1–1.2) | 1.9 (1.0–2.7) | 0.026 | 1.4 (0.8–1.9) | 1.9 (0.6–3.2) | 1.8 (0.7–3.0) | 0.886 | 1.9 (1.0–2.7) |
Any Anxiety/phobic disorders | 18.9 (16.0–21.9) | 39.1 (35.9–42.3) | <0.001 | 30.8 (28.5–33.1) | 18.0 (14.4–21.6) | 34.2 (30.2–38.1) | <0.001 | 27.7 (24.9–30.5) |
Panic disorder | 0.6 (0–1.3) | 0.7 (0.3–1.3) | 0.685 | 0.7 (0.3–1.1) | 0.4 (0.0–0.9) | 2.0 (0.8–3.4) | 0.015 | 1.3 (0.6–2.1) |
Specific phobia | 9.6 (7.4–11.7) | 22.0 (19.3–24.7) | <0.001 | 16.8 (14.9–18.6) | 9.3 (6.6–12.0) | 18.7 (15.5–22.0) | <0.001 | 14.6 (12.5–16.8) |
Social phobia | 3.9 (2.4–5.4) | 7.0 (5.3–8.6) | 0.008 | 5.7 (4.5–6.8) | 2.6 (1.2–4.1) | 5.1 (3.3–6.9) | 0.038 | 4.0 (2.8–5.2) |
Agoraphobia | 1.6 (0.7–2.4) | 5.9 (4.3–7.4) | <0.001 | 4.0 (3.1–5.0) | 2.5 (1.1–3.9) | 4.3 (2.7–5.9) | 0.112 | 3.5 (2.4–4.6) |
Generalized anxiety disorder | 4.0 (2.5–5.5) | 7.4 (5.6–9.1) | 0.006 | 6.0 (4.7–7.1) | 3.8 (2.0–5.5) | 7.4 (5.2–9.7) | 0.015 | 5.8 (4.3–7.3) |
Obsessive-compulsive disorder | 2.1 (1.1–3.2) | 5.5 (4.1–7.0) | <0.001 | 4.1 (3.1–5.1) | 2.5 (1.0–4.0) | 4.5 (2.6–6.4) | 0.107 | 3.6 (2.4–4.9) |
Post-traumatic stress disorder | 4.2 (2.7–5.6) | 14.5 (12.2–16.9) | <0.001 | 10.2 (8.7–11.7) | 5.5 (3.3–7.7) | 11.1 (8.6–13.7) | 0.002 | 8.7 (7.0–10.4) |
Any disorder | 37.5 (33.8–41.1) | 48.7 (45.5–52.0) | <0.001 | 44.0 (41.6–46.4) | 36.1 (31.6–40.7) | 46.6 (42.4–50.8) | <0.001 | 42.1 (39.0–45.2) |
One-year mental disorders | ||||||||
Alcohol hazardous use | 1.8 (0.9–2.6) | 0.8 (0.2–1.3) | 0.045 | 1.2 (0.7–1.6) | 2.5 (1.1–3.8) | 1.1 (0.3–1.9) | 0.074 | 1.7 (0.9–2.4) |
Alcohol dependence | 3.1 (1.7–4.5) | 1.5 (0.7–2.3) | 0.030 | 2.2 (1.0–2.9) | 2.0 (0.8–3.2) | 0.3 (0.0–0.9) | 0.028 | 1.0 (0.4–1.7) |
Major depressive disorder | 3.4 (2.0–4.7) | 11.7 (9.7–13.8) | <0.001 | 8.2 (6.9–9.5) | 2.4 (0.9–3.9) | 8.8 (6.4–11.7) | <0.001 | 6.0 (4.5–7.5) |
Dysthymia | 0.4 (0.0–0.8) | 1.1 (0.4–1.9) | 0.130 | 0.8 (0.3–1.3) | 1.1 (0.1–2.2) | 0.5 (0.0–1.0) | 0.227 | 0.8 (0.2–1.3) |
Any Anxiety/phobic disorders | 10.1 (7.9–12.2) | 28.5 (25.6–31.5) | <0.001 | 20.8 (18.8–22.8) | 11.0 (8.1–13.9) | 23.6 (20.0–27.1) | <0.001 | 18.8 (16.3–21.2) |
Panic disorder | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) | 0.2 (0.0–0.4) | 0.211 | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) | 0.4 (0.0–0.9) | 1.5 (0.4–2.6) | 0.069 | 1.0 (0.3–1.7) |
Specific phobia | 4.0 (2.7–5.3) | 14.7 (12.3–17.0) | <0.001 | 10.2 (8.7–11.7) | 5.4 (3.3–7.5) | 12.9 (10.2–15.7) | <0.001 | 9.6 (7.8–11.5) |
Social phobia | 2.0 (0.9–3.1) | 4.3 (3.0–5.5) | 0.018 | 3.3 (2.4–4.2) | 1.6 (0.4–2.8) | 2.4 (1.2–3.7) | 0.366 | 2.1 (1.2–2.9) |
Agoraphobia | 0.6 (0.1–1.1) | 4.1 (2.8–5.5) | <0.001 | 2.7 (1.8–3.5) | 1.8 (0.7–2.9) | 2.3 (1.0–3.5) | 0.568 | 2.1 (1.2–2.9) |
Generalized anxiety disorder | 1.8 (0.8–2.8) | 4.8 (3.3–6.2) | 0.002 | 3.5 (2.6–4.5) | 1.3 (0.3–2.2) | 3.0 (1.5–4.4) | 0.055 | 2.2 (1.3–3.1) |
Obsessive-compulsive disorder | 1.5 (0.6–2.4) | 4.6 (3.3–6.0) | ,0.001 | 3.3 (2.5–4.2) | 1.7 (0.5–2.9) | 3.6 (2.0–5.3) | 0.065 | 2.8 (1.7–3.9) |
Post-traumatic stress disorder | 1.2 (0.6–1.8) | 7.8 (6.0–9.5) | <0.001 | 5.0 (3.9–6.1) | 1.5 (0.4–2.6) | 4.7 (3.0–6.4) | 0.004 | 3.3 (2.2–4.4) |
Any disorder | 21.3 (18.2–24.3) | 40.7 (37.5–43.9) | <0.001 | 32.5 (30.2–34.8) | 22.3 (18.3–26.2) | 38.1 (34.0–42.4) | <0.001 | 31.2 (28.3–34.1) |
Abbreviations: CI, Confidence Interval; SP, Sao Paulo; RJ, Rio de Janeiro; p, Pearson Chi-Square Design-based (adjusted for design effect).