Table 1.

Sample characteristics by gender and ethnicity (White, African American (AA), and American Indian (AI))

	n	%	Gender				Ethnicity
			Women		Men		White		AA		AI
			n	%	N	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Ethnicity
White	212	35.75	123	33.61	89	39.21
African American	200	33.73	114	31.15	86	37.89
American Indian	181	30.52	129	35.25	52	22.91
Sex
Female	366	61.72					123	58.02	114	57.00	129	71.27
Male	227	38.28					89	41.98	86	43.00	52	28.73
Age, years
60–69	307	51.77	192	52.46	115	50.66	109	51.42	93	46.5	105	58.01
70–79	222	37.44	132	36.07	90	39.65	70	33.02	90	45	62	34.25
80+	64	10.79	42	11.48	22	9.69	33	15.57	17	8.5	14	7.73
Marital Status
Currently married	272	45.87	130	35.52	142	62.56	113	53.3	78	39	81	44.75
Currently not married	321	54.13	236	64.48	85	37.44	99	46.7	122	61	100	55.25
Education
<High school	217	36.66	123	33.7	94	41.41	62	29.25	76	38.19	79	43.65
High school graduate	200	33.78	137	37.53	63	27.75	73	34.43	66	33.17	61	33.7
>High school	175	29.56	105	28.77	70	30.84	77	36.32	57	28.64	41	22.65
Poverty
At or above poverty line	407	70.05	225	62.67	182	81.98	158	75.24	125	65.1	124	69.27
Below poverty line	174	29.95	134	37.33	40	18.02	52	24.76	67	34.9	55	30.73
Duration of Diabetes
< 10 years	227	40.11	146	42.07	81	36.99	82	41.21	72	37.89	73	41.24
≥ 10 years	339	59.89	201	57.93	138	63.01	117	58.79	118	62.11	104	58.76
A1C, %
<7	302	50.93	193	52.73	109	48.02	107	50.47	102	51	93	51.38
≥7, <8	158	26.64	95	25.96	63	27.75	67	31.6	50	25	41	22.65
≥8	133	22.43	78	21.31	55	24.23	38	17.92	48	24	47	25.97