Table 1.
Summary of RCT studying the effect of phylloquinone (K1) supplementation on bone loss at the hip1
| Study | C vs. T | Duration (mo) | Change in hip BMD | Reference |
| Tufts (M+F; 60–80 y) | C: vitamin D + Ca T: vitamin D + Ca + 500 μg K1 | 36 | No difference | (53) |
| Maastricht (F; 50–60 y) | C: placebo T1: vitamin D + Ca T2: vitamin D + Ca + 1000 μg K1 | 36 | T < C; P < 0.05 | (54) |
| Wisconsin (F; >55 y) | C: vitamin D + Ca T: vitamin D + Ca + 1000 μg K1 | 12 | No difference | (56) |
| UK Bones and vitamins (F; >60 y) | C: placebo T1: vitamin D + Ca + 200 μg K1 T2: 200 μg K1 | 24 | No difference | (52) |
| ECKO (F; 40–82 y) | C: vitamin D + Ca T: vitamin D + Ca + 5000 μg K1 | 24 | No difference | (55) |
1
BMD, bone mineral density; C, control; RCT, randomized, double-masked, controlled clinical trial; T, treatment.