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This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Potential shifts as a function of DNA target concentrations for the electrodes modified by PNA probes (22-mer, 20-mer, and 15-mer) and MCH SAM in bulk and after rinse conditions. Colors in red and blue represent the signals from DNA target and non-target, respectively. (* p < 0.01).