TABLE 1.

Protein intake and satiety in humans

Effect on satiety	Reference	Population	Macronutrient	Duration
Proteins > carbohydrates	Porrini et al., 1995 (24)	12 normal males	56% protein, 25% fat, 19% carbohydrates	2 h
Proteins > carbohydrates > lipids	Johnstone et al., 1996 (25)	6 normal males	60% protein, 20% fat, 20% carbohydrates	15 d
Proteins > carbohydrates = lipids	Poppitt et al., 1998 (26)	12 normal females	37% protein, 29% fat, 34% carbohydrates	90 min
	Stubbs et al., 1999 (27)	16 normal males	60% protein, 20% fat, 20% carbohydrates	24 h
Proteins = carbohydrates > lipids	Potier et al., 2010 (28)	56 normal subjects	drink containing proteins only	Preload
	Westerterp-Plantenga et al., 1999 (29)	8 normal females	29% protein, 10% fat, 61% carbohydrates	24 h
Proteins > lipids	Porrini et al., 1997 (30)	14 normal males	54% protein, 45% fat, 1% carbohydrates	2 h
	Weigle et al., 2005 (31)	19 normal subjects	30% protein, 20% fat, 50% carbohydrates	4 wk
Proteins > lipids > carbohydrates	Batterham et al., 2006 (32)	10 normal males	65.3% protein, 17.4% fat, 17.3% carbohydrates	25 min
Whey = soy > egg = sucrose	Anderson et al., 2004 (33)	13 normal males	egg, whey, soy, sucrose in beverages	1 h
Whey > soy = casein (10% protein)	Veldhorst et al., 2009 (34)	25 normal subjects	10% protein, 35% fat, 55% carbohydrates	20 min
Whey = soy = casein (25% protein)	Veldhorst et al., 2009 (34)	25 normal subjects	25% protein, 20% fat, 55% carbohydrates	20 min
Soy = casein > whey	Acheson et al., 2011 (22)	23 normal subjects	50% protein, 10% fat, 40% carbohydrates	330 min