TABLE 3.

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in exclusively breast-fed infants from recent studies¹

Reference	Location	Study participants, no.	Age at study	Time of year	Prevalence, %	Cutoff serum 25(OH)D, nmol/L
Challaet al., 2005 (45)	Ioannina, Greece	66	6 mo	All	27	<25
Bhalala et al., 2007 (44)	Mumbai, India	35	3 mo	NS	51	<37.5
Seth et al., 2009 (46)	New Delhi, India	180	2–24 wk	All	43	<25
Dawodu et al., 2003 (27)	Al Ain , United Arab Emirates	78	1–4 mo	All	82	<25
Dawodu et al., 2010 (43)	Cincinnati, Ohio, United States	87	1 mo	All	18 76	<25 <50
Wagner et al., 2010 (47)	Charleston, South Carolina, United States	33	1 mo	All	72	<50

¹Divide values by 2.5 to convert to μg/L. 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.