Table 2.
The frequency (%), mean, and standard deviation of nurses' responses to the variables based on their importance in occurring medication errors from their viewpoints.
| Factors | Variables | Scale | Mean ± SD F (%) |
Mean ± SD total |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strongly agree F (%) |
Agree F (%) |
neutral F (%) |
Disagree F (%) |
Strongly disagree F (%) | ||||
| Fear of the consequences of reporting |
Fear of the impact of reporting of errors on the personnel's annual evaluation | 13 (15.9%) | 19 (23.2%) | 8 (9.8%) | 30 (36.6%) | 12 (14.6%) | 3.11 ± 1.35 | 3.01 ± 1.039 |
| Fear of the impact of reporting of errors on their salary and benefits | 10 (12.2%) | 25 (30.5%) | 11 (13.4%) | 28 (34.1%) | 8 (9.8%) | 2.99 ± 1.24 | ||
| Fear of being blamed by nursing heads | 6 (7.2%) | 16 (19.3%) | 7 (8.4%) | 34 (41%) | 20 (24.1%) | 3.55 ± 1.25 | ||
| Fear of being blamed by doctors | 9 (11%) | 18 (22%) | 7 (8.5%) | 33 (40.2%) | 15 (18.3%) | 3.33 ± 1.30 | ||
| Fear of being blamed by colleagues | 16 (9.8%) | 31 (38.3%) | 13 (16%) | 16 (19.8%) | 5 (6.2%) | 3.54 ± 1.19 | ||
| Fear of producing side effects in patients | 11 (13.8%) | 14 (17.5%) | 2 (2.5%) | 29 (36.3%) | 24 (30%) | 3.51 ± 1.43 | ||
| Fear of being labeled as incompetent nurses and inadequacy | 14 (17.1%) | 17 (20.7%) | 8 (8.9%) | 32 (39%) | 11 (13.4%) | 3.11 ± 1.35 | ||
| Fear of colleagues' behavior | 13 (15.9%) | 27 (32.9%) | 14 (17.1%) | 19 (23.2%) | 9 (11%) | 2.8 ± 1.27 | ||
| Fear of expressing a negative attitude towards the nurse(s) making errors by the patient and his/her family | 5 (6.2%) | 17 (21%) | 7 (8.6%) | 39 (48.1%) | 13 (16%) | 3.47 ± 1.17 | ||
| Fear of judicial issues following reporting on medication errors | 6 (7.4%) | 11 (13.6%) | 7 (8.6%) | 36 (44.4%) | 21 (25.9%) | 3.68 ± 1.21 | ||
| Fear of informing colleagues working in other units and other facilities about one's medication error | 4 (4.9%) | 19 (23.5%) | 8 (9.9%) | 34 (42%) | 16 (19.8%) | 3.48 ± 1.19 | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Managerial factors | Lack of receiving positive feedback from the nursing heads following to report on medication errors | 4 (4.8%) | 17 (20.5%) | 10 (12%) | 28 (33.7%) | 24 (28.9%) | 3.61 ± 1.24 | 3.56 ± 0.99 |
| False beliefs in nursing heads and managers | 5 (6%) | 19 (22.9%) | 12 (14.5%) | 27 (32.5%) | 20 (24.1%) | 3.46 ± 1.25 | ||
| The heads' focus only on finding the culprits and blaming them, regardless of other factors involved in the occurrence of errors | 5 (6%) | 12 (14.5%) | 12 (14.5%) | 30 (36.1%) | 24 (28.9%) | 3.67 ± 1.21 | ||
| Disproportionate reactions of the heads to the error seriousness | 4 (4.8%) | 20 (24.1%) | 2 (2.4%) | 35 (42.2%) | 22 (26.5%) | 3.24 ± 1.61 | ||
| Disproportionate reactions of the heads to the error importance | 3 (3.7%) | 22 (27.2%) | 9 (11.1) | 25 (30.9) | 22 (27.2%) | 3.50 ± 1.25 | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Factors related to the process of reporting |
Not paying attention to the reporting on some medication errors | 21 (25.6) | 14 (17.1%) | 11 (13.4%) | 28 (34.1%) | 8 (9.8%) | 2.85 ± 1.39 | 3.32 ± 0.79 |
| Lack of a clear definition of medication errors | 8 (9.6%) | 25 (30.1%) | 11 (13.3%) | 25 (30.1%) | 14 (16.9%) | 3.14 ± 1.28 | ||
| To forget reporting on the medication errors | 13 (15.7%) | 20 (24.1%) | 11 (13.3%) | 28 (33.7%) | 11 (13.3%) | 3.05 ± 1.32 | ||