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Production of INFγ and TNFα by IEL from active CD patients (ACD), patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD), and refractory CD type II (RCDII) patients after PMA/ionomycin/LPS stimulation. RCDII patients with villous atrophy (closed symbols); RCDII patients without villous atrophy (open symbols); for individual characteristics see Table 2. ((a), (c)) IFNγ and ((b), (d)) TNFα production. ((a), (b)) Production per 1000 IEL or ((c), (d)) per mL per two biopsies.
