Table 1.
Effects of different cytokines on neurogenesis.
| Cytokine | Effects on neurogenesis | References |
|---|---|---|
| IL-1α | Increased astrocyte lineage | [41] |
| IL-1β | Stimulation of NPCs proliferation and differentiation Decreased proliferation, survival, and neuronal differentiation Increased astrocyte differentiation |
[42] [43] [44] |
| IL-4 | Increased oligodendrogenesis | [45] |
| IL-6 | Decreased proliferation, survival, and neuronal differentiation |
[46] [47] [48] [49] |
| Differentiation of NSC to neuronal lineages | ||
| Increased neurogenesis | ||
| IL-10 | Increased proliferation | [50] [51] |
| IL-18 | Decreased survival Increased neuronal differentiation |
[52] |
| IFN-γ | Decreased proliferation and survival of multipotent progenitors Promotion of differentiation and neurite outgrowth |
[53] [54] [55] |
| CCL11 (eotaxin-1) | Decreased Sox-2 progenitors, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation | [28] |
| CX3CL1 (fractalkine) | Decreased neurogenesis | [56] |
| GM-CSF | Stimulation of NPCs differentiation | [57] |
| G-CSF | Promotes NPCs differentiation | [27] |
| TGF-β | Decreased proliferation Increased survival and neural differentiation |
[58] [59] [60] |