Table 4.
Comparison of anthropometric, HOMA index, and biochemical characteristics of subjects between different groups of Pro12Ala PPARγ2 genotypes in two subdivided groups according to metabolic syndrome.
| Parameters | SM− | SM+ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pro12Ala PPARγ2 | Pro12Ala PPARγ2 | |||||
| P/P (n = 174) |
X/A (n = 90) |
P | P/P (n = 195) |
X/A (n = 63) |
P | |
| Age (years) | 42 (29–53) | 38 (28–49) | 0.455 | 39 (29–56) | 37 (28–49) | 0.103 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120 (115–125) | 120 (115–125) | 0.708 | 140 (130–150) | 140 (130–145) | 0.675 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80 (75–80) | 80 (70–80) | 0.277 | 85 (80–90) | 85 (80–90) | 0.965 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5 (23.8–25.9) |
24.4 (23.6–25.7) |
0.228 | 27.7 (26.3–29.4) |
27.6 (26.5–29.3) |
0.940 |
| WC (cm) | 87 (79–93) | 90 (79–93) | 0.758 | 96 (92–99) | 96 (93–99) | 0.997 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.07 ± 0.43 | 1.07 ± 0.43 | 0.942 | 1.91 ± 0.67 | 1.92 ± 0.84 | 0.964 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.51 (4.15–4.85) |
4.62 (4.02–5.17) |
0.633 | 5.18 (4.27–5.78) |
4.81 (4.19–5.59) |
0.190 |
| cLDL (mmol/L) | 2.90 (2.54–3.29) |
2.98 (2.40–3.53) |
0.729 | 3.48 (2.76–4.10) |
3.24 (2.85–3.85) |
0.499 |
| cHDL (mmol/L) | 1.18 (1.11–1.43) |
1.19 (1.04–1.46) |
0.868 | 0.91 (0.79–1.17) |
0.92 (0.77–1.14) |
0.925 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.94 ± 1.09 | 4.95 ± 0.87 | 0.946 | 7.21 ± 1.67 | 6.16 ± 1.86 | <0.001 |
| FPI (mIU/L) | 7.13 (6.14–8.65) |
6.93 (5.61–8.58) |
0.277 | 12.83 (10.76–13.29) |
10.58 (7.92–12.98) |
<0.001 |
| HOMA-β% | 96 (87–111) | 97 (88–106) | 0.698 | 68 (52–88) | 86 (71–101) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-S% | 108 (87–128) | 113 (89–140) | 0.270 | 56 (53–66) | 70 (55–103) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.282 | 1.8 (1.5–1.9) | 1.4 (1.0–1.8) | <0.001 |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 87.29 ± 36.16 | 87.87 ± 25.2 | 0.579 | 115.35 ± 49.51 | 99.30 ± 32.42 | 0.017 |
| Urea (mmol/L) | 4.52 ± 3.05 | 4.35 ± 17.24 | 0.619 | 6.33 ± 2.78 | 8.16 ± 4.58 | 0.003 |
| UA (μmol/L) | 268 (210–313) |
266 (215–306) |
0.996 | 358 (285–437) |
348 (278–396) |
0.062 |
| GFR (mL/min) | 93.4 (82.3–106.4) |
91.5 (70.5–109.1) |
0.192 | 84.0 (58.8–104.5) |
98.8 (78.8–113.8) |
0.001 |
P: Pro; A: Ala; X/A: Pro/Ala and Ala/Ala.
SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; cHDL: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; cLDL: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; FPI: fasting plasma insulin; HOMA-β%: % β-cell function; HOMA-S%: % cell insulin sensitivity; HOMA-IR: insulin resistance; Cr: creatinine; UA: uric acid; GFR: glomerular filtration rate.