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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Commun. 2013;4:1795. doi: 10.1038/ncomms2766

Figure 1. Expression of CXCL16 by prostate cancer recruits MSCs into tumors to support tumor growth.

Figure 1

(a) CXCR6 mRNA expression by human MSCs (P1 and P2). (b) Expression of CXCR6 protein by human MSCs. Controls included isotype matched controls and fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP1) for MSCs. Scale bars, 100μm. (c) CXCR6 mRNA by mMSCs. CXCR6 expression was determined in freshly isolated, non-cultured (P0) or P2 murine MSCs from CXCR6+/+ or CXCR6−/− mice. Human and murine osteoblasts (HOB and MC3T3-E1) were used as a negative control. (d) Expression of CXCR6 by murine P2 CXCR6+/+ or CXCR6−/− MSCs by IHC staining. Scale bar 100μm. Data in (a-c) are representative of mean with standard deviation for triplicates in each of three independent experiments (Student’s t-test). (e) CXCL16 expression in human prostate cancer tissue microarray in Supplementary Fig. S1b. Differences noted between normal prostate (n = 30), Gleason 4+5 (n = 9), Gleason 6+7 (n = 18), and Gleason 8+9 (n = 15) (mean±s.d. Student’s t-test). Secretionof CXCL16 by human prostate cancer cell lines (f) and murine prostate cancer cell lines (g) as determined by ELISA (mean±s.d., n = 3 independent experiments, Student’s t-test). (h) Migration of freshly isolated, non-cultured (P0) or P2 murine MSCs from CXCR6+/+ or CXCR6−/− mice in response to CXCL16. The % migrated MSC was determined by hemocytometer counting (mean±s.d., n = 3 independent experiments, Student’s t-test). (i) CXCR6+/+ or CXCR6−/− mice were implanted s.c. with RM1 cells and caliper measurements of tumor growth performed over 25 days. *Significant differences between tumors grown CXCR6+/+ and CXCR6−/− mice (mean±s.d, for 7 animals/group, n = 3 independent experiments, P < 0.05; Student’s t-test). (j) % MSCs (P0) present in RM1 tumors grown in CXCR6+/+ or CXCR6−/− mice at day 25 (mean±s.d. for 7 animals/group, n = 3 independent experiments, Student’s t-test). (k) SCID mice were implanted s.c. with PC3 cells mixed with MSCP0CXCR6+/+ or MSCP0CXCR6−/− cells and tumor growth was evaluated by caliper measurements over 42 days. *Significant differences between tumors grown with PC3 cells mixed with MSCP0CXCR6+/+ and MSCP0CXCR6−/− cells (mean±s.d. for n = 5 animals/group, n = 1 independent experiment, P < 0.05, Student’s t-test).