Figure 3.

Comparison of average heart rate responses after brief severe obstructive events not associated with arousal, brief severe events that were followed by cortical arousal, and long obstructive events with spontaneous opening and arousals in 14 patients who demonstrated all three types of response. Error bars are standard error of the mean. There were significant differences by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) at all time points following airway opening. Asterisk denotes significantly different from brief events without arousals. Plus sign denotes significantly different from both types of brief events (repeated-measures ANOVA).