Table 4.
Comparisons Between Concordant and Discordant Groups
| Concordant Group | Discordant Group | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 197 | n = 32 | ||
| Mean (SD) or % | Mean (SD) or % | p value | |
| Age at surgery, y | 37.4 (11.1) | 39.6 (9.4) | .29 |
| Sex, % female | 50% | 59% | .34 |
| Education, y | 13.1 (2.5) | 13.6 (2.3) | .29 |
| Handedness, % right-handed | 82.7% | 68.8% | .06 |
| Age at epilepsy onset, y | 17.7 (12.2) | 16.5 (11.3) | .63 |
| Epilepsy duration, y | 20.4 (14.0) | 23.6 (13.6) | .24 |
| No. of AEDs | 2.1 (0.9) | 1.8 (0.9) | .20 |
| CAIs (topiramate or zonisamide) | 14% | 9% | .50 |
| Seizure focus RT/LT/ET | 81/82/34 | 10/15/7 | .55 |
| MTS or HA | 46% | 44% | .80 |
| Full-scale IQ | 93.0 (12.8) | 94.2 (13.8) | .65 |
| Amobarbital dose, right | 82.6 | 88.2 | .14 |
| Amobarbital dose, | 86.1 | 89.2 | .33 |
| Wada total possible, left | 21.0 (4.6) | 19.3 (4.1) | .05 |
| Wada total possible, right | 21.4 (6.2) | 20.6 (7.5) | .50 |
| Crossflow left to right | 40% | 50% | .29 |
| Crossflow right to left | 36% | 17% | .05 |
| Obtundation | 8% | 16% | .18 |
| Proximal ACA atresia | 5% | 0% | .22 |
| PCA filling | 42% | 34% | .41 |
| % Correct, Semantic task | 81.2 (10.3) | 79.4 (12.1) | .39 |
| % Correct, Tones task | 90.3 (12.0) | 92.4 (10.4) | .35 |
| Head motion (RMS mean) | 44.9 (70.0) | 50.8 (100.6) | .69 |
| Mean residual error | 122.1 (213.3) | 109.2 (195.9) | .75 |
| Signal-to-fluctuation noise ratio | 78.0 (26.8) | 76.2 (22.8) | .73 |
| Artifact-contaminated volumes | 5.0 (11.6) | 8.5 (15.0) | .15 |
| Wada LI | 71.2 (45.5) | 24.3 (64.9) | <.0001 |
| FMRI LI | 57.2 (40.0) | 14.9 (50.1) | <.0001 |
ACA, anterior cerebral artery; AED, anti-epileptic drug; CAIs, carbonic-anhydrase inhibitors; RT, right temporal; LT, left temporal; ET, extratemporal; MTS, mesial temporal sclerosis; HA, hippocampal atrophy; y, years; PCA, posterior cerebral artery; RMS, root mean square; SD, standard deviation