Table 7.

Possible Mechanisms for the Effects of Hurricanes

	Mother Smoked During Pregnancy	Number Cigarettes Smoked	Weight Gain <16 lbs	Weight Gain > 60 lbs	Mother is Married	Number Prenatal Visits	Number Prenatal Visits >7	Adequate Prenatal Care (Kessner Index)
A. IV with Mother Fixed Effects, Full -Term Gestation Exposure Instrument
Hurricane 1st Trimester	0.0100 (0.0102)	−0.0937 (0.1186)	−0.0071 (0.0156)	−0.0161** (0.0080)	−0.0000 (0.0000)	0.1415 (0.1780)	0.0364** (0.0152)	0.0372** (0.0172)
Hurricane 2nd Trimester	0.0202** (0.0091)	0.1073 (0.0823)	0.0083 (0.0141)	0.0008 (0.0065)	−0.0000 (0.0000)	0.1162 (0.1474)	0.0203 (0.0133)	0.0224 (0.0155)
Hurricane 3rd Trimester	−0.0041 (0.0089)	0.0061 (0.1069)	−0.0252+ (0.0131)	−0.0141+ (0.0076)	−0.0000 (0.0000)	0.0038 (0.1557)	−0.0122 (0.0143)	−0.0025 (0.0164)
N	482,248	476,743	412,705	412,705	485,111	457,999	457,999	485,111

Notes: Each column is from a separate regression. See notes under Tables 1 and 4 for information about the sample, the storms and hurricanes, and the estimation methods and controls. For each outcome, births by mothers who have at most one child with non-missing data for that outcome are omitted.

Significance levels:

⁺p<0.10

^**p<0.05

^***p<0.001