Table 4. Unadjusted & Adjusted Risk of Kidney Failure in Chinese Men and Women by Smoking Status.
| Men | Women | |||
| Smoking Status | Unadjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | *Multivariable Adjusted HazardRatio (95% CI) | Unadjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | *Multivariable Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
| Never vs | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Ever | 1.28 (1.01–1.61) | 1.29 (1.02–1.64) | 1.51 (1.10–2.08) | 1.18 (0.85–1.62) |
| Never Smoker vs | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Duration of smoking <19 years | 1.26 (0.83–1.91) | 1.17 (0.77–1.78) | 1.37 (0.65–2.90) | 1.19 (0.56–2.51) |
| Duration of smoking 20–39 years | 1.08 (0.82–1.43) | 1.19 (0.90–1.58) | 1.70 (1.09–2.64) | 1.28 (0.82–2.00) |
| Duration of smoking >40 years | 1.65 (1.23–2.21) | 1.56 (1.13–2.14) | 1.37 (0.81–2.29) | 1.04 (0.62–1.76) |
| P trend | 0.007 | 0.011 | 0.019 | 0.435 |
Never smoker was defined as those who have not ever smoked at least one cigarette a day for 1 year or longer.
Ever smoker was defined as those who have ever smoked at least one cigarette a day for 1 year or longer.
*
Model adjusted for age, body mass index, dialect (Hokkein, Cantonese), education level, history of physician diagnosed hypertension, diabetes, known heart disease or stroke, alcohol use and intake of ginseng.