Table 1.
Study Features, Sample Demographic and Pain Characteristics, and Barriers Questionnaire Scores
| Study Name (N) | Study A (n = 259) | Study B (n = 221) | Study C (n = 167) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Data Collection Dates | 1994–1999 | 1999–2002 | 2003–2009 | |
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| Study Site and Setting | Seattle, WA Outpatient Oncology | Seattle, WA Outpatient Oncology | Chicago, IL Outpatient Oncology | |
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| Study Design | 4-week RCT, pre- and post-test measurements | 4-week RCT, pre- and post-test measurements | 4-week RCT, pre- and post-test measurements | |
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| Sample Eligibility Criteria | Lung, prostate or head & neck cancer; pain in past week, spoke/read English | Cancer, pain in past week, spoke/read English | Cancer, reported pain level ≥ 3/10 in past week, spoke/read English | |
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| Sample Exclusion Criteria | Surgery < two months, physically or mentally unable to complete procedures | Surgery < two months, physically or mentally unable to complete procedures | Surgery < two months, physically or mentally unable to complete procedures | |
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| Demographic Characteristics | Mean ± SD (Min-Max) | Mean ± SD (Min-Max) | Mean ± SD (Min-Max) | |
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| Age | 60 ± 12 (26–82) | 52 ± 13 (19–87) | 54 ± 13 (22–87) | |
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| Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | ||
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| Gender | Male | 212 (82%) | 137 (62%) | 93 (56%) |
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| Female | 47 (18%) | 84 (38%) | 73 (44%) | |
| Missing | 1 (0.6%) | |||
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| Education | <= High school | 111 (42%) | 63 (29%) | 77 (46%) |
| >= Some college | 146 (56%) | 154 (69%) | 55 (33%) | |
| Missing | 2 (0.8%) | 4 (2%) | 35 (21%) | |
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| Race/Ethnicity | Caucasian | 232 (90%) | 199 (90%) | 32 (19%) |
| African | 12 (5%) | 7 (3%) | 108 (65%) | |
| American | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (.5%) | 17 (10%) | |
| Hispanic | 5 (2%) | 10 (5%) | 1 (0.6%) | |
| Asian | 9 (4%) | 4 (2%) | 9 (5.42%) | |
| Other | ||||
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| Cancer type | Lung | 92 (36%) | 10 (5%) | 15 (9%) |
| Breast | . | 85 (39%) | 31 (19%) | |
| Prostate | 70 (27%) | 10 (5%) | 10 (6%) | |
| Head/neck | 97 (38%) | 38 (17%) | 13 (8%) | |
| Sarcoma | . | 31 (14%) | 8 (5%) | |
| Cervix | . | 6 (3%) | 8 (5%) | |
| Lymphoma | . | 9 (4%) | 3 (2%) | |
| Colon/rectal | . | 8 (4%) | 17 (10%) | |
| Brain/CNS | . | 7 (3%) | 5 (3%) | |
| Stomach | . | 5 (3%) | ||
| Liver | 4 (2%) | |||
| Uterine | 4 (2%) | |||
| Leukemia | 3 (2%) | |||
| Other/Unspecified | 15 (7%) | 14 (8%) | ||
| Missing | 2 (1%) | 27 (16%) + | ||
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| Mean ± SD (min-max) | Mean ± SD (min-max) | Mean ± SD (min-max) | ||
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| Pain intensity | Current pain | 2.6 ± 2.5 (0–10) | 2.0 ± 2.2 (0–10) | 4.9 ± 2.9 (0–10) |
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| Least pain | 0.8 ± 0.7 (0–4) | 1.5 ± 1.9 (0–8) | 3.7 ± 2.8 (0–10) | |
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| Worst pain | 3.0 ± 1.3 (0–5) | 3.0 ± 2.8 (0–10) | 6.6 ± 2.7 (0–10) | |
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| Number of pain sites | 2.3 ± 2.4 (0–16) | 1.8 ± 1.9 (0–13) | 2.0 ± 1.5 (0–9) | |
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| Barriers Questionnaire | @ | # | # | |
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| 13 items: | T1 | 1.9 ± 0.8 (0–4) | 1.8 ± 1.0 (0–4.3) | 2.4 ± 0.9 (0–5) |
| T2 | 1.8 ± 0.8 (0–4.5) | 1.6 ± 1.0 (0–4.4) | ||
| 27 items: | T1 | 1.6 ± 0.7 (0.2–3.8) | ||
| T2 | 1.6 ± 0.7 (0–4.) | |||
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| Barriers Questionnaire | BQ-13: | .73 | .83 | .73 |
| T1 | .76 | .86 | ||
| T2 | ||||
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| Cronbach’s α | BQ-27 | .85 | ||
| T1 | .87 | |||
| T2 | ||||
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