Fig. 1.

Antibody-based protein array screening of urine samples from patients with lupus nephritis. Representative images of one array containing angiostatin (in red-lined box) are shown for (A) a healthy control and, (B) a patient with lupus nephritis. This array consists of eight sub-arrays that allow detection of 274 proteins of interest simultaneously. Urine samples from SLE patients (n = 5) and healthy controls (n = 3) were applied to the array and the fluorescent signal was captured and quantified using a Genepix 4000B instrument and software. C, Quantitative results were plotted and analyzed using Medcalc software (Mariakerke, Belgium). Expression of angiostatin was increased by almost two orders of magnitude in lupus nephritis samples compared with healthy controls (p = 0.0011).