Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants (N=523)
| Characteristics | Value* |
| Gender | |
| Male | 312 (59.7%) |
| Female | 211 (40.3%) |
| Diabetic duration | |
| ≤1 year | 90 (17.6%) |
| >1 year, ≤5 years | 120 (23.5%) |
| >5 years, ≤10 years | 105 (20.6%) |
| >10 years, ≤15 years | 115 (22.5%) |
| >15 years | 81 (15.9%) |
| Unknown | 12 (2.3%) |
| Current use of diabetic medication | |
| No | 90 (17.2%) |
| Yes | 433 (82.8%) |
| Hypertension | |
| No | 185 (35.7%) |
| Yes | 334 (64.4%) |
| Unknown | 5 (0.9%) |
| Hyperlipidemia | |
| No | 488 (93.3%) |
| Yes | 35 (6.7%) |
| Diabetic retinopathy | |
| Normal | 317 (60.6%) |
| Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy | 152 (29.1%) |
| Proliferative diabetic retinopathy | 54 (10.3%) |
| Age (year) | 58 (13.0) |
| Diabetic duration (year) | 8.5 (7.3) |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.3 (2.6) |
| Fasting insulin (mIU/L) | 15.8 (17.8) |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mIU/L) | 8.1 (3.4) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80 (12.7) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133 (18.9) |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 6.2 (2.4) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.6 (1.1) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.8 (1.6) |
| HDLC (mmol/L) | 1.2 (0.4) |
| LDLC (mmol/L) | 2.5 (0.7) |
| VLDLC (mmol/L) | 1.0 (0.7) |
*
Values are expressed as number (percent) or mean (standard deviation)
HDLC: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLC: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; VLDLC: very low density lipoprotein cholesterol