Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics
| High Expectations | Neutral Expectations | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TCA N=75 | Sham N=151 | TCA N=78 | Sham N=151 | Waiting List N=72 | p+ | |
| GENDER, females –n (%) | 51 (68.0%) | 97 (64.2%) | 50 (64.1%) | 98 (64.9%) | 42 (58.3%) | > 0.20 |
| AGE | 63.5 (10.4) | 65.3 (9.0) | 65.5 (7.8) | 63.7 (9.1) | 64.1 (9.6) | > 0.20 |
| ETHNICITY – n (%) Whites | 52 (69.3%) | 103 (68.2%) | 55 (70.5%) | 101 (66.9%) | 47 (65.3%) | > 0.20 |
| African American | 16 (21.3%) | 23 (15.2%) | 13 (16.7%) | 31 (20.5%) | 15 (20.8%) | |
| Hispanic | 4 (5.3%) | 14 (9.3%) | 8 (10.3%) | 14 (9.3%) | 5 (6.9%) | |
| Other | 3 (4.0%) | 11 (7.3%) | 2 (2.6%) | 5 (3.3%) | 5 (6.9%) | |
| EDUCATIONAL LEVEL – n (%) | ||||||
| Less than high school | 2 (2.7%) | 5 (3.3%) | 3 (3.8%) | 3 (2.0%) | 2 (2.8%) | > 0.20 |
| High School diploma/some college | 34 (45.3%) | 79 (52.3%) | 35 (44.9%) | 72 (48.0%) | 35 (48.6%) | |
| College degree | 39 (52.0%) | 67 (44.4%) | 40 (51.3%) | 75 (50%) | 35 (48.6%) | |
| DURATION OF KNEE PAIN, years | 10.0 (11.7) | 8.4(9.6) | 8.4(7.9) | 8.8 (10.4) | 11.5 (12.4) | 0.14 |
| J-MAP | 4.4 (1.2) | 4.3 (1.3) | 4.5 (1.3) | 4.6 (1.2) | 4.3 (1.2) | 0.12 |
| WOMAC Pain | 43.3 (18.2) | 44.8 (18.7) | 45.6 (18.6) | 45.2 (17.8) | 44.1 (15.2) | > 0.20 |
| WOMAC Function | 41.5 (19.3) | 45.1 (18.5) | 44.2 (18.8) | 44.1 (17.6) | 40.1 (16.5) | > 0.20 |
| VAS Pain | 57.3 (21.0) | 57.1 (24.0) | 59.3 (23.6) | 57.6 (23.0) | 54.6 (21.3) | > 0.20 |
| SF12 PCS | 35.4 (9.7) | 33.6 (8.1) | 34.6 (10.0) | 33.4 (9.3) | 35.3 (8.4) | > 0.20 |
| SF12 MCS | 51.7 (10.1) | 53.6 (9.3) | 52.8 (8.8) | 53.2 (9.3) | 53.7 (10.7) | > 0.20 |
| TUG, seconds | 14.3 (9.0) | 13.6 (4.8) | 13.6 (5.3) | 13.2 (6.1) | 12.3 (3.3) | 0.17 |
| ROM, degrees of flexion | 104.1 (14.5) | 105.3 (12.4) | 107.3 (12.9) | 106.0 (13.7) | 105.7 (13.0) | > 0.20 |
| MEDICATIONS: NSAIDs | 41 (54.7%) | 79 (52.3%) | 44 (56.4%) | 69 (45.7%) | 34 (37.2%) | > 0.20 |
| Analgesics | 29 (38.7%) | 50 (33.1%) | 35 (43.6%) | 54 (35.8%) | 21 (29.2%) | > 0.20 |
| Glucosamine | 20 (26.7%) | 33 (21.8%) | 22 (28.2%) | 51 (33.4%) | 18 (25.0%) | 0.12 |
Continuous variables shown as mean (SD). WOMAC: Western Ontario Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; J-MAP: Joint-Specific Multidimensional Assessment of Pain SF12 PCS: Physical Component Summary; SF12 MCS: Mental Component Summary; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; TUG: Timed Get Up and Go; ROM: Range of Motion; NSAIDS: Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs. X2 p-value for difference in proportion between style groups or F-test p-value for difference in means between style groups (high/neutral/waiting list) as appropriate