Increased transcription of activin, staufen, and homer is observed 6 hr after spaced training. Expression is significantly higher after spaced training than after massed training. Expression of RP-49 (ribosomal protein), dlg, and 14-3-3ζ are the same after spaced and massed training. Expression of all genes was normalized to expression of GAPDH1. Comparison of gene expression 3 and 24 hr after spaced versus massed training gave similar results (data not shown). One-way ANOVA indicates significant differences due to training protocol for activin, homer, and staufen. **p < 0.001 as determined by Bonferroni post hoc analyses, n = 10 for all data.