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. 2013;15(1):11–22.

Table 1.

Causes of Underactive Bladder

  • Diabetes mellitus (diabetic cystopathy)

  • Bladder outlet obstruction

  • Aging

  • Neurologic disorders

  • Acute cerebrovascular accidents

  • Multiple sclerosis

  • Parkinson disease

  • Injury to the spinal cord, cauda equina, and pelvic plexus

  • Pelvic surgery

  • Pelvic and sacral fractures

  • Herniated disc

  • Lesions of the pudendal nerve

  • Infectious neurologic problems

  • AIDS

  • Neurosyphilis (tabes dorsalis)

  • Herpes zoster and herpes simplex

  • Guillain-Barré syndrome