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Schematic representation of the proposed role of Cx40 (red boxes) in the TGF response. A Cx40-dependent pathway linking mesangial cells (grey ovals) with the arteriolar smooth muscle cells (brown) is paralleled by a Cx40-independent pathway permitting direct paracrine smooth muscle cell activation. Both pathways are assumed to be activated by A1 adenosine receptors (A1AR) based on the previous demonstration of an absolute requirement of A1AR for TGF responsiveness (2, 25).
