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. 2013 May 15;304(10):C941–C944. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00072.2013

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Fig. 1. — Rhythmic initiation (electrical component) and execution (contractile component) of each heartbeat by a hierarchical clock system (brain-heart) that synchronizes functions of cells within and among other tissues. Impulse is initiated in the sinoatrial node (SAN) and conducted to ventricular myocytes. Bottom: SAN pacemaker cells generate rhythmic electrical impulses that emerge from the SAN. Right panels schematically illustrate that heart-specific disruption of circadian clock (Bmal1^-/-) results in abnormal rhythm and rate (ECG) and impulse conduction (QRS).