Table 4.
Association of demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, nutritional and workloads with chronic low back pain in 2010
| Variable | |
Crude analyses |
|
Adjusted analyses |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRR | 95% CI † | P | PRR | 95% CI † | P | |
|
1st Level |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sex |
|
|
<0,001* |
|
|
<0,001* |
| Male |
1 |
- |
|
1 |
- |
|
| Female |
1.77 |
1.38-2.26 |
|
1.76 |
1.38-2.23 |
|
|
Age |
|
|
<0,001** |
|
|
<0,001** |
| 20-29 |
1 |
- |
|
1 |
- |
|
| 30-39 |
1.96 |
1.19-3.22 |
|
1.96 |
1.20-3.21 |
|
| 40-49 |
2.79 |
1.74-4.48 |
|
2.83 |
1.75-4.57 |
|
| 50-59 |
3.23 |
1.99-5.25 |
|
3.24 |
1.99-5.25 |
|
| 60-69 |
3.35 |
2.20-5.12 |
|
3.35 |
2.19-5.13 |
|
| 70 or older |
3.32 |
2.11-5.23 |
|
3.15 |
2.00-4.97 |
|
|
Skin Color |
|
|
0,3* |
|
|
- |
| White |
1 |
- |
|
- |
- |
|
| Non White |
1.18 |
0.89-1.56 |
|
- |
- |
|
|
2nd Level |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Civil Status |
|
|
0,04* |
|
|
0,02* |
| Single/alone |
1 |
- |
|
1 |
- |
|
| Married/partner |
1.29 |
1.01-1.64 |
|
1.31 |
1.03-1.65 |
|
|
Education (y) |
|
|
<0,001** |
|
|
0,01** |
| 0 |
2.11 |
1.36-3.28 |
|
1.55 |
1.00-2.41 |
|
| 1-4 |
1.92 |
1.37-2.68 |
|
1.46 |
1.03-2.07 |
|
| 5-8 |
1.44 |
0.98-2.10 |
|
1.21 |
0.82-1.78 |
|
| 9-11 |
1.19 |
0.78-1.81 |
|
1.20 |
0.79-1.83 |
|
| 12 or more |
1 |
- |
|
1 |
- |
|
|
3rd Level |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Smoking |
|
|
0,003** |
|
|
0,005** |
| Never smoker |
1 |
- |
|
1 |
- |
|
| Former smoker |
1.41 |
1.05-1.90 |
|
1.23 |
0.90-1.69 |
|
| Current smoker |
1.43 |
1.11-1.85 |
|
1.48 |
1.12-1.97 |
|
|
BMI |
|
|
<0,001** |
|
|
0,01** |
| <25 |
1 |
- |
|
1 |
- |
|
| Overweight (25–29.9) |
1.13 |
0.84-1.51 |
|
0.96 |
0.70-1.33 |
|
| Obesity (≥30) |
1.91 |
1.43-2.53 |
|
1.50 |
1.12-2.01 |
|
|
4th Level |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Insufficient Physical Activity |
|
|
0.10* |
|
|
0.90* |
| No |
1 |
- |
|
1 |
- |
|
| Yes |
1.30 |
0.95-1.79 |
|
1.02 |
0.74-1.43 |
|
|
Repetitiviness |
|
|
<0,001** |
|
|
0,01** |
| Never |
1 |
- |
|
1 |
- |
|
| Sometimes |
1.51 |
0.97-2.35 |
|
1.47 |
0.89-2.41 |
|
| Always |
2.05 |
1.38-3.05 |
|
1.70 |
1.09-2.64 |
|
|
Weight lifting/loading |
|
|
0,03** |
|
|
0,73** |
| Never |
1 |
- |
|
1 |
- |
|
| Sometimes |
1.04 |
0.77-1.40 |
|
0.98 |
0.74-1.30 |
|
| Always |
1.38 |
1.05-1.81 |
|
1.07 |
0.80-1.42 |
|
|
Forced/Akward position |
|
|
<0,001** |
|
|
<0,001** |
| Never |
1 |
- |
|
1 |
- |
|
| Sometimes |
1.31 |
0.93-1.84 |
|
1.24 |
0.87-1.77 |
|
| Always |
2.17 |
1.60-2.95 |
|
1.90 |
1.37-2.63 |
|
|
Static Posture |
|
|
0,15** |
|
|
0,70** |
| Never |
1 |
- |
|
1 |
- |
|
| Sometimes |
1.29 |
0.96-1.73 |
|
1.04 |
0.77-1.40 |
|
| Always | 1.27 | 0.92-1.77 | 0.94 | 0.66-1.36 | ||
* Wald Test for Heterogeneity.
** Wald Test for Trend.
† 95% Confidence Interval.
1st Level: adjusted between them; 2nd Level: adjusted between them and for the variables from the 1st level; 3rd Level: adjusted between them, for the ones from 1st and 2nd levels; 4th Level: adjusted between them and for previous levels.